What can crystal size distributions and olivine compositions tell us about magma solidification processes inside Kilauea Iki lava lake, Hawaii?

Vinet, Nicolas; Higgins, Michael D.

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2011.09.006

Cited by 31 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…Mineral densities (g/cm 3 ) at 25 °C and thermal expansion coefficients are from Niu and Batiza (1991). Mineral grain sizes range from 1 to 5 mm seems to be the case in the Kilauea Iki lava lake and the Makaopuhi lava lake, which do not show evidence for density controlled sorting of crystals and which therefore cannot be explained by simple crystal settling in a homogeneous magma body (Moore and Evans 1967;McBirney and Noyes 1979;Vinet and Higgins 2011). However, as described below, many layering features of mafic layered intrusions can be explained by a crystal-settling process combined with current flows of crystal-laden magma.…”

Section: Layers and Layeringmentioning

confidence: 93%

Igneous Layering in Basaltic Magma Chambers

et al. 2015

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PrefaceLayered intrusions have received continuous interest since the publication of the treatise on 'Layered Igneous Rocks' by Lawrence Wager and Malcolm Brown, updated in books edited by Ian Parsons in 1987 and Grant Cawthorn in 1996. The study of these fossilized magma chambers keep inspiring a number of scientists with a range of interests including petrology and igneous differentiation, geochronology, geochemistry, mineralogy, rock textures and fabric, fluid dynamics, and ore deposits. The goal of this book is to further our understanding of magma chamber processes and crystal-liquid relationship during magma cooling magma. Physical and chemical processes are now better quantified thanks to the development analytical and computing tools such as compositional mapping, 3D X-ray computed tomography, in situ analyses for trace elements and isotopes, development of new experimental facilities, and progress in instrument sensitivity.The book is subdivided into two parts. The first includes reviews and new views on chronological, textural, mineralogical, geochemical, and magnetic characteristics of layered igneous rocks. The second part reviews recent progress in the study of layered intrusions. A newcomer on the layered intrusions scene is the Panzhihua intrusion (SW China) that has been intensively studied recently. Reviews of recent findings for Sept Iles, Bushveld, Kiglapait, Ilímaussaq, and layered rocks in ophiolites are also presented. Interest in layered intrusions is also driven by their natural resources. Many intrusions host world-class ore bodies of chromium, platinum group elements (PGE), vanadium, titanium and phosphorous. Ore-forming processes and important deposits associated with layered intrusions are described and their origin is discussed.The objective of this book is to outline the most recent ideas and challenges in the study of layered igneous bodies. It has also the purpose to aid in teaching, and to encourage new studies to tackle major issues in the understanding of magma chamber processes and associated ore-forming processes.The book has benefited from detailed comments by a many reviewers, who are greatly acknowledged:

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Section: Layers and Layeringmentioning

confidence: 93%

Igneous Layering in Basaltic Magma Chambers

et al. 2015

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“…Previous LERZ eruptions also contained abundant high-Fo olivine grains with primitive MI, such as the 1960 Kapoho eruption (Tuohy et al 2016). High-Fo olivine from higher-temperature summit reservoirs seems to be preferentially entrained and erupted during LERZ and offshore Puna Ridge eruptions (Clague et al 1995;Tuohy et al 2016), although eruptions at the summit and middle ERZ do occasionally contain abundant high-Fo olivine (e.g., 1959Kīlauea Iki, 1969-1974 Mauna Ulu [Anderson and Brown 1993;Vinet and Higgins 2011;Sides et al 2014b;Helz et al 2015Helz et al , 2017Tuohy et al 2016]).…”

Section: Compositional Diversity Of Lerz Meltsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The petrologic and degassing behavior of sulfur and other magmatic volatiles from the 2018 eruption of Kīlauea, Hawaiʻi: melt concentrations, magma storage depths, and magma recycling

et al. 2021

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Kīlauea Volcano's 2018 lower East Rift Zone (LERZ) eruption produced exceptionally high lava effusion rates and record-setting SO 2 emissions. The eruption involved a diverse range of magmas, including primitive basalts sourced from Kīlauea's summit reservoirs. We analyzed LERZ matrix glasses, melt inclusions, and host minerals to identify melt volatile contents and magma storage depths. The LERZ glasses and melt inclusions span nearly the entire compositional range previously recognized at Kīlauea. Melt inclusions in Fo 86-89 olivine from the main eruptive vent (fissure 8) underwent 70-170 °C cooling during transport in LERZ carrier melts, causing extensive post-entrapment crystallization and sulfide precipitation. Many of these melt inclusions have low sulfur (400-900 ppm) even after correction for sulfide formation. CO 2 and H 2 O vapor saturation pressures indicate shallow melt inclusion trapping depths (1-5 km), consistent with formation within Kīlauea's Halemaʻumaʻu and South Caldera reservoirs. Many of these inclusions also have degassed δ 34 S values (− 1.5 to − 0.5‰). Collectively, these results indicate that some primitive melts experienced near-surface degassing before being trapped into melt inclusions. We propose that decades-to-centuries of repeated lava lake activity and lava drain-back during eruptions (e.g., 1959 Kīlauea Iki) recycled substantial volumes of degassed magma into Kīlauea's shallow reservoir system. Degassing and magma recycling from the 2008-2018 Halemaʻumaʻu lava lake likely reduced the volatile contents of LERZ fissure 8 magmas, resulting in lower fountain heights compared to many prior Kīlauea eruptions. The eruption's extreme SO 2 emissions were due to high lava effusion rates rather than particularly volatile-rich melts.

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“…Second, if fractional crystallization and/or accumulation of olivine occurs, the evolved products would have large variations in Mg#, but FCKANTMS would be nearly constant (Figure a). This observation is important for natural basalts because they commonly have significant numbers of olivine phenocrysts of various origins (e.g., Sakyi et al, ; Vinet & Higgins, ; Yang et al, ), and in this case, melts of mafic lithology or these melts mixed with melts of typical peridotite can be identified by FCKANTMS even if they have large variations in Mg# owing chiefly to olivine addition or subtraction (see an example in section ).…”

Section: Implications For Source Compositional and Lithological Hetermentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Major Element Logratios to Recognize Compositional Patterns of Basalt: Implications for Source Lithological and Compositional Heterogeneities

Yang

Jiang

et al. 2019

JGR Solid Earth

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Understanding the source lithology of basalts can greatly impact our understanding of magmatic processes, which can help us gain insight into mantle heterogeneity and crustal material recycling. However, many uncertainties remain about how to recognize the relationship between major element patterns of basalts and source lithological and/or compositional diversities using typical petrological methods. In this study, discriminant functional analysis and multivariate regression are carried out using major element logratios for literature experimental melts of four primitive mantle-like lherzolites and six mafic lithologies (five pyroxenites and one hornblendite). A parameter called FCMS (FCMS = ln (FeO/ CaO) − 0.058 * (ln (MgO/SiO 2 )) 3 − 0.636 * (ln (MgO/SiO 2 )) 2 − 1.850 * ln (MgO/SiO 2 ) − 1.170, all the major elements in weight percent) is proposed to identify source lithologies for basaltic melts. When the logratios ln(K 2 O/Al 2 O 3 ), ln (TiO 2 /Na 2 O), and ln (Na 2 O/K 2 O) are incorporated into FCMS, the temperature and pressure effects on the compositional heterogeneity of peridotites melts can be significantly reduced; a more powerful parameter called FCKANTMS (FCKANTMS = ln (FeO/CaO) − 0.08 * ln(K 2 O/Al 2 O 3 ) − 0.052 * ln (TiO 2 /Na 2 O) − 0.036 * ln (Na 2 O/K 2 O) * ln (Na 2 O/TiO 2 ) − 0.062 * (ln (MgO/SiO 2 )) 3 − 0.641 * (ln (MgO/ SiO 2 )) 2 − 1.871 * ln (MgO/SiO 2 ) − 1.473, all the major elements in weight percent) can be obtained. Olivine fractional crystallization and accumulation, although they can significantly change most major element contents and ratios, usually increase or decrease FCMS and FCKANTMS by only 0-0.15, which is one order of magnitude lower than their variations in the primary experimental melts of different lithologies. Importantly, approximately 80% and 50% low to moderate degree (F < 60%) partial melts (n = 303) of mafic lithology (with or without volatiles in source materials) can be distinguished from melts of peridotite and transitional lithologies when FCKANTMS combined with ln (CaO/TiO 2 ) and ln (SiO 2 / (CaO + Na 2 O + TiO 2 )). Thus, the chemical markers could be used to constrain source lithology and origin of natural basalts.Plain Language Summary Basaltic melts can be experimentally produced from a variety of mafic and ultramafic lithologies. Understanding the source lithology of basalts can greatly impact our understanding of magmatic processes, which can help us gain insight into mantle heterogeneity and crustal material recycling. However, many uncertainties remain about how to identify the source lithology of basalts using traditional petrological methods. In this study, major element patterns of experimental basaltic melts are explored using major element logratios. We find that most peridotite melts can be distinguished from pyroxenite and hornblendite melts by the logratio-based chemical markers. Thus, the chemical markers could be used to constrain source lithology and origin of natural basalts.

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What can crystal size distributions and olivine compositions tell us about magma solidification processes inside Kilauea Iki lava lake, Hawaii?

Cited by 31 publications

References 90 publications

Igneous Layering in Basaltic Magma Chambers

Igneous Layering in Basaltic Magma Chambers

The petrologic and degassing behavior of sulfur and other magmatic volatiles from the 2018 eruption of Kīlauea, Hawaiʻi: melt concentrations, magma storage depths, and magma recycling

Using Major Element Logratios to Recognize Compositional Patterns of Basalt: Implications for Source Lithological and Compositional Heterogeneities

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