What can a philosophy and ethics of communication look like in the context of documentary filmmaking?

Film Dokumenter Sebagai Metode Alternatif Penelitian Komunikasi

“…Konten yang ditampilkan dalam film dokumenter memiliki karakter yang mewakili dari inti mendasar filosofi komunikasi (Butchart, 2014). Citra visual yang ditampilkan dalam sebuah produksi dokumenter meliputi sistem tanda seperti ekspresi, persepsi, dan interpretasi manusia tentang kehidupan sosial.…”

“…Citra visual yang ditampilkan dalam sebuah produksi dokumenter meliputi sistem tanda seperti ekspresi, persepsi, dan interpretasi manusia tentang kehidupan sosial. Melalui perspektif komunikasi visual, Butchart (2014) menyarankan beberapa pendekatan analisis untuk film dokumenter, yaitu penyampaian cerita yang dimediasi secara visual, analisis tentang bagaimana ekspresi dan persepsi. Pendapat tersebut berkaitan dengan konteks sebagai media audio-visual yang berisi ekspresi dari perepsi pembuat film tentang situasi tertentu (interpretasi).…”

The Video Camera Spoiled My Ethnography: A Critical Approach

“…And while power dynamics can diminish when the emotional "distance" between filmmaker and subject narrows (Garret and Hawkins, 2014, p. 91), this can only occur if the ethnographer becomes a subject within the filmmaking process. Under optimum conditions, video ethnography, like documentary, can become "subject generated," resulting in the integration of participants in the filmmaking process (Butchart, 2014). Nonetheless, this direct and indirect participant/subject involvement has the potential to foster an "observer effect" that influences a participant's behavior as a result of being observed by the researcher (Garrett & Hawkin, 2014, p. 150).…”

“…As a researcher and video ethnographer, I had to uphold an awareness of the potential perspective that the lens could project. In some instances, representation was communicated through degrees of distance, whether that of the viewer who would adopt a proximity from the camera's angle to that of the participant and by proxy, my role as a video ethnographer (Butchart, 2014). This led me to ethically question whose perspective I had represented, and whether as a video ethnographer, I had truly adhered to a self-reflexive process (Filak, 2019).…”