What Best Protects the Inverted Weightbearing Ankle Against Further Inversion?

Ashton‐Miller, James A.; Ottaviani, Robert A.; Hutchinson, Christopher; Wojtys, Edward M.

doi:10.1177/036354659602400616

Cited by 169 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The peroneus muscles are the best protector against ankle inversion during foot strike 14) , and are important in stabilizing the ankle against lateral perturbation. However, Konradsen et al 15) reported that muscle reaction time was too slow to protect the ankle in case of sudden inversion occurring at the time of initial contact.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postural stability and lower leg muscle activity during a diagonal single-leg landing differs in male collegiate soccer players with and without functional ankle instability

Kunugi

Masunari

Yoshida

et al. 2017

JPFSM

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The purpose of this study was to investigate postural stability and lower leg muscular activity in male collegiate soccer players with functional ankle instability (FAI), during a diagonal landing. Twenty-two male collegiate soccer players were divided into an FAI group (n = 11) and healthy control group (n = 11). Muscle reaction times for sudden ankle inversion were measured to evaluate neuromuscular control in the peroneus longus (PL), peroneus brevis (PB), tibialis anterior (TA), gastrocnemius lateral head (GL), and gastrocnemius medial head (GM). Time to anteroposterior stabilization (TTSAP), time to mediolateral stabilization (TTSML), and activity of these muscles during a diagonal single-leg landing was measured. Reaction times in the peroneus muscles were delayed in the FAI group, compared to the control group (PL: P < 0.01, PB: P = 0.02). TTSML was increased in the FAI group, compared to the control group (P = 0.02). Muscular activity of PL, PB, and TA were reduced in the FAI group, compared to controls, during a diagonal single-leg landing (PL: P < 0.05, from 87 ms pre-initial contact [pre-IC] to 108 ms post-initial contact [post-IC], PB: P < 0.05, from 180 ms pre-IC to 123 ms post-IC, TA: P < 0.05, from 65 ms to 203 ms post-IC). Male collegiate soccer players with FAI had increased TTSML and reduced muscle activity in PL, PB, and TA during diagonal single-leg landing. It is important for clinicians to assess the postural stability and function of the lower leg muscle activity, during rehabilitation after ankle sprains.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postural stability and lower leg muscle activity during a diagonal single-leg landing differs in male collegiate soccer players with and without functional ankle instability

Kunugi

Masunari

Yoshida

et al. 2017

JPFSM

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“…When the muscles contract, musculotendinous units generate stiffness, which serves as the dynamic restraint to joint movement [7]. The PB is integral to the control of supination of the rear foot [37]. The inability of the FAI subjects to exhibit proper control of the PB activity may have been due to a more abducted position of the ankle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered Kinematics and Muscle Activity during Heel Rise in Individuals with or without Functional Ankle Instability

Masunari¹,

Kunugi²,

Yoshida³

et al. 2017

Clin Res Foot Ankle

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“…The strong peroneal activation recorded in this study was expected because of the combined tasks of balancing and eversion. Peroneal muscles are pivotal for ankle eversion and postural balance [2] [21], both of these functions are challenged while performing ankle eversion standing on one leg. HL exercise provoked less peroneal activity, likely due to the synergistic action of triceps surae group that partly mitigated the reliance on PL [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biomechanical study indicates the prime importance of the PL strength in limiting ankle inversion as compared with mechanical barrier effect provided by various functional ankle orthoses and taping [2]. Optimal function of this evertor muscle depends on its strength [3], timely activation [4] [5], proprioception [6], and central modulation of motor control [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Electromyographic Study of Peroneus Longus Activation during Ankle Eversion and Heel Lift

Chen¹,

Jack²,

Appelle³

et al. 2015

OJTR

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Prophylactic and rehabilitative ankle training programs rarely incorporate ankle eversion exercises of the weight bearing leg during one-legged stand. Such training may be necessary for the optimal PL function and dynamic ankle control. In this study, we compared a PL exercise that involved eversion of the inverted ankle of a weight bearing leg against the heel lift (HL), a popular PL strengthening exercise. The PL activation patterns were studied in 20 university students (7 male and 13 female). The self-reported dominant legs of the subjects were tested in this study. After recording the surface electromyographic (EMG) activity level of their PL maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC), the subjects performed HL, and ankle eversions of the weight bearing ankle during one-legged stand. Ankle eversions were initiated from two inverted ankle positions, 20 degree inversion (EV1) and 25 degree inversion (EV2). The ankle position and the PL muscle activity were recorded with an accelerometer affixed to the dorsum of the foot and a surface EMG electrode over PL respectively. The ranges of motion for HL, EV1, and EV2 were 25, 29, and 31 degrees respectively. Expressed as percentage of MVIC, the average normalized EMG linear envelopes for EV1 (73%) and EV2 (74%) were significantly greater than HL (64%). These results demonstrated that eversions of the inverted ankle of the weight bearing leg elicited stronger PL activation that may result in better lateral ankle strength and dynamic control. Incorporation of weight bearing ankle eversions may enhance effectiveness of PL exercise and balance.

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What Best Protects the Inverted Weightbearing Ankle Against Further Inversion?

Cited by 169 publications

References 43 publications

Postural stability and lower leg muscle activity during a diagonal single-leg landing differs in male collegiate soccer players with and without functional ankle instability

Postural stability and lower leg muscle activity during a diagonal single-leg landing differs in male collegiate soccer players with and without functional ankle instability

Altered Kinematics and Muscle Activity during Heel Rise in Individuals with or without Functional Ankle Instability

Surface Electromyographic Study of Peroneus Longus Activation during Ankle Eversion and Heel Lift

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