What are we measuring?

Comparing judgments of stuttering made by students, clinicians, and highly experienced judges

“…A consistent problem with this type of measurement, however, is that while it is often reliable within a given clinic, it may not be reliable across clinics (Ham, 1989;Kully & Boberg, 1988). Indeed, Cordes and Ingham (1995) demonstrated relative agreement between professionals who worked at the same facility and relative disagreement between professionals who worked at different facilities.…”

Fluency disorders in genetic syndromes

“…These are the most common breakdowns in fluency that are perceived by listeners to be stuttering (Yairi, 1996) and those breakdowns in fluency that are most likely classified as stuttering according to experts in the field of stuttering (Ham, 1989). This term is synonymous with stuttering (ASHA, 1999), and following the lead of Yairi, will be referred to as stuttering-like disfluencies (SLD) throughout the remainder of this manuscript.…”

Event‐ and interval‐based measurement of stuttering: a review

“…Frequency is an aspect that should be relatively easy to calculate, but it is difficult to obtain reliable tabulations of event counts (Curlee , Coyle and Mallard , Emerick , MacDonald and Martin , Young , Martin and Haroldson , Martin et al . , Ham , Kully and Boberg , Cordes et al . ).…”

“…). There is also evidence of inter‐clinic disagreement for elements of frequency counts, including: total count of stuttering events (Kully and Boberg , Ham , Cordes et al . ); speech judged as stuttered based on perceptual definitions, i.e., threshold for stuttering is not fixed for any judge or for many judges; speech judged as stuttered based on different lists of disfluency types (Cordes , Einarsdóttir and Ingham , Young ).…”