“…Many teacher educators teach pre-service teachers how to create a product -a lesson plan comprised of required individual components, such as objectives, materials list, procedures, strategies, assessments, and closures (Drost & Levine, 2015). Despite the explicit teaching of individual lesson plan components, many pre-service teachers struggle with writing and assessing objectives (Jones, et al, 2011;Eun Kyung, 2012), as well as planning effective questions, (Purdum-Cassidy, Nesmith, Meyer & Cooper, 2015), student engagement (Jones, et al, 2011), and instructional strategies (Ruys, Keer, & Aelterman, 2012). Furthermore, pre-service teachers' response to this product-based approach may be primarily one of complying with technical expectations of the required lesson plan components rather than engaging in the complex cognitive processes involved in lesson planning (Tummons, 2010).…”