What are the links between maternal social status, hippocampal function, and <scp>HPA</scp> axis function in children?

Sheridan, Margaret A.; How, Joan; Araujo, Mélanie; Schamberg, Michelle A.; Nelson, Charles A.

doi:10.1111/desc.12087

Cited by 53 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Similar diurnal patterns have also been reported for dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) [14,15]. Moreover, abnormal concentrations of cortisol and DHEAS have been linked to HPA axis dysfunction [16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 67%

The Association of 5-HTTLPR XLL Genotype with Higher Cortisol Levels in African Americans

Contreras-Sesvold

Abraham

Devaney

et al. 2015

International Journal of Medical Genetics

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Genetic variants of the human serotonin transporter (SERT) may contribute to HPA axis dysregulation. SERT has two promoter region polymorphisms (5-HTTLPR: VNTR and SNP: rs25531), which may alter levels of SERT protein and its function. Combining these polymorphisms creates a functional polymorphism (FN) which may modulate mRNA expression. This study examines the relationship between these genetic variants and morning and evening salivary samples of both cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) concentrations in 269 African American (AA) adults. Resultant allele frequencies for the VNTR, SNP, and FN genotypes were 70% L (2% XLL), 84% A, and 54% LA (2% XLLA), respectively. The XLL genotype was associated with significantly higher concentrations of cortisol (∼3X) and DHEAS (∼2X) for both VNTR and FN polymorphisms. No significant differences were found for SNP genotypes. Conclusions were that persons with VNTR and FN XLL polymorphisms had significantly higher cortisol and DHEAS concentrations than other genotypes. AAs also appear to have a higher frequency of the rare XL allele than Caucasians. Whether the XLL genotype predisposes AAs to greater health challenges will require further research to determine the implications of these findings.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 67%

The Association of 5-HTTLPR XLL Genotype with Higher Cortisol Levels in African Americans

Contreras-Sesvold

Abraham

Devaney

et al. 2015

International Journal of Medical Genetics

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“…Instead, we sorted the data into correctly remembered pairs and compared activation in those trials to encoding of single objects. This approach allowed us to investigate brain activation associated with the binding in memory of two objects compared with encoding of single items and has been used previously in developmental studies (Sheridan, How, Araujo, Schamberg, & Nelson, 2013). Although agerelated changes emerged in visual processing regions, the associations between age and activation during encoding in the hippocampus were only marginally significant and were absent in MFG.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Visual Association Cortex in Associative Memory Formation across Development

Rosen

Sheridan

Sambrook

et al. 2018

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

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Associative learning underlies the formation of new episodic memories. Associative memory improves across development, and this age-related improvement is supported by the development of the hippocampus and pFC. Recent work, however, additionally suggests a role for visual association cortex in the formation of associative memories. This study investigated the role of category-preferential visual processing regions in associative memory across development using a paired associate learning task in a sample of 56 youths (age 6–19 years). Participants were asked to bind an emotional face with an object while undergoing fMRI scanning. Outside the scanner, participants completed a memory test. We first investigated age-related changes in neural recruitment and found linear age-related increases in activation in lateral occipital cortex and fusiform gyrus, which are involved in visual processing of objects and faces, respectively. Furthermore, greater activation in these visual processing regions was associated with better subsequent memory for pairs over and above the effect of age and of hippocampal and pFC activation on performance. Recruitment of these visual processing regions mediated the association between age and memory performance, over and above the effects of hippocampal activation. Taken together, these findings extend the existing literature to suggest that greater recruitment of category-preferential visual processing regions during encoding of associative memories is a neural mechanism explaining improved memory across development.

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“…These deficits explain the link between institutional rearing and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (Tibu et al, 2016). Emerging evidence suggests that deprivation might also influence pattern learning (Sheridan et al, under review) and long-term memory (Sheridan, How, Araujo, Schamberg, & Nelson, 2013), although greater work is needed in these areas.…”

Section: A Novel Approach: Dimensions Of Adversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond Cumulative Risk

McLaughlin

Sheridan

2016

Curr Dir Psychol Sci

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565

288

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Children who have experienced environmental adversity—such as abuse, neglect, or poverty—are more likely to develop physical and mental health problems, perform poorly at school, and have difficulties in social relationships than children who have not encountered adversity. What is less clear is how and why adverse early experiences exert such a profound influence on children’s development. Identifying developmental processes that are disrupted by adverse early environments is the key to developing better intervention strategies for children who have experienced adversity. Yet, much existing research relies on a cumulative risk approach that is unlikely to reveal these mechanisms. This approach tallies the number of distinct adversities experienced to create a risk score. This risk score fails to distinguish between distinct types of environmental experience, implicitly assuming that very different experiences influence development through the same underlying mechanisms. We advance an alternative model. This novel approach conceptualizes adversity along distinct dimensions, emphasizes the central role of learning mechanisms, and distinguishes between different forms of adversity that might influence learning in distinct ways. A key advantage of this approach is that learning mechanisms provide clear targets for interventions aimed at preventing negative developmental outcomes in children who have experienced adversity.

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What are the links between maternal social status, hippocampal function, and HPA axis function in children?

Cited by 53 publications

References 77 publications

The Association of 5-HTTLPR XLL Genotype with Higher Cortisol Levels in African Americans

The Association of 5-HTTLPR XLL Genotype with Higher Cortisol Levels in African Americans

The Role of Visual Association Cortex in Associative Memory Formation across Development

Beyond Cumulative Risk

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