What are the findings of esophageal cancer to be treated endoscopically?

Abstract

In Japan, the results of histopathologic analyses on esophageal carcinomas have shown that almost all of them are squamous epithelial cancers. The abnormal epithelium that is difficult to differentiate by endoscopy can be easily visualized by chromoendoscopy with the use of iodine staining. Since the establishment of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), it has been used increasingly to treat mucosal cancers. It is necessary to diagnose accurately the depth of invasion of mucosal cancer when it is to be treated by EMR. In this article, we explain our routine techniques to visualize and interpret the lesions that are candidates for EMR. It is of great benefit to detect lesions at their early stage, which leads to the most desirable endoscopic treatment.

Impact of Ultrasonography on Diagnosis of T1 Esophageal Cancer as a Candidate for Endoscopic Mucosal Resection

“…The major tasks of an endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) probe study are to identify the submucosal invasion of the T1 esophageal cancer and to exclude cases of lymph node swelling 15–17 (Fig. 1c).…”