Abstract:Purpose of Review
Periodontitis and obesity are characterized by a dysregulated inflammatory state. Obese individuals have a higher chance of presenting periodontitis. Clinical studies in different populations demonstrate that individuals with obesity have worse periodontal conditions. This current review aims to explore recent literature to understand what the impacts of obesity on periodontal treatment outcomes are and to learn whether periodontal treatment can improve systemic biomarkers in obe… Show more
“…Nevertheless, there remains controversy in the previous studies regarding the effect of PA on bone metabolism. Some studies suggest that PA exhibits high lipotoxicity and can negatively affect the osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts, 18,33,54 while other studies suggest that PA affects bone homeostasis mainly by influencing osteoclasts rather than osteoblasts 48–50 . According to our present study supported by systematical observation, when exposed to PA, the osteogenic potential of PDLSCs was notably impaired (Figure 1).…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 76%
“…Increasing evidence has confirmed that obesity and obesity‐related complications are associated with the onset, progression and recovery of periodontitis 2,3,49,50 . However, the specific mechanism is still under investigation.…”
Although obesity has been proposed as a risk factor for periodontitis, the influence of excessive fat accumulation on the development of periodontitis and periodontal recovery from disease remains largely unknown. This study investigated the cellular response of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) to elevated levels of a specific fatty acid, namely, palmitic acid (PA). The mechanism by which PA exposure compromises the osteogenic potential of cells was also explored. It was found that exposure of PDLSCs to abundant PA led to decreased cell osteogenic differentiation. Given that long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a key role in the stem cell response to adverse environmental stimuli, we screened the lncRNAs that were differentially expressed in PDLSCs following PA exposure using lncRNA microarray analysis, and AC018926.2 was identified as the lncRNA that was most sensitive to PA. Next, gain/loss‐of‐function studies illustrated that AC018926.2 was an important regulator in PA‐mediated osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs. Mechanistically, AC018926.2 upregulated integrin α2 (ITGA2) expression and therefore activated ITGA2/FAK/AKT signalling. Further functional studies revealed that inactivation of ITGA2/FAK/AKT signalling by silencing ITGA2 counteracted the pro‐osteogenic effect induced by AC018926.2 overexpression. Moreover, the results of bioinformatics analysis and RNA immunoprecipitation assay suggested that AC018926.2 might transcriptionally regulate ITGA2 expression by binding to PARP1 protein. Our data suggest that AC018926.2 may serve as a therapeutic target for the management of periodontitis in obese patients.
“…Nevertheless, there remains controversy in the previous studies regarding the effect of PA on bone metabolism. Some studies suggest that PA exhibits high lipotoxicity and can negatively affect the osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts, 18,33,54 while other studies suggest that PA affects bone homeostasis mainly by influencing osteoclasts rather than osteoblasts 48–50 . According to our present study supported by systematical observation, when exposed to PA, the osteogenic potential of PDLSCs was notably impaired (Figure 1).…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 76%
“…Increasing evidence has confirmed that obesity and obesity‐related complications are associated with the onset, progression and recovery of periodontitis 2,3,49,50 . However, the specific mechanism is still under investigation.…”
Although obesity has been proposed as a risk factor for periodontitis, the influence of excessive fat accumulation on the development of periodontitis and periodontal recovery from disease remains largely unknown. This study investigated the cellular response of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) to elevated levels of a specific fatty acid, namely, palmitic acid (PA). The mechanism by which PA exposure compromises the osteogenic potential of cells was also explored. It was found that exposure of PDLSCs to abundant PA led to decreased cell osteogenic differentiation. Given that long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a key role in the stem cell response to adverse environmental stimuli, we screened the lncRNAs that were differentially expressed in PDLSCs following PA exposure using lncRNA microarray analysis, and AC018926.2 was identified as the lncRNA that was most sensitive to PA. Next, gain/loss‐of‐function studies illustrated that AC018926.2 was an important regulator in PA‐mediated osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs. Mechanistically, AC018926.2 upregulated integrin α2 (ITGA2) expression and therefore activated ITGA2/FAK/AKT signalling. Further functional studies revealed that inactivation of ITGA2/FAK/AKT signalling by silencing ITGA2 counteracted the pro‐osteogenic effect induced by AC018926.2 overexpression. Moreover, the results of bioinformatics analysis and RNA immunoprecipitation assay suggested that AC018926.2 might transcriptionally regulate ITGA2 expression by binding to PARP1 protein. Our data suggest that AC018926.2 may serve as a therapeutic target for the management of periodontitis in obese patients.
“…Unfortunately, the increase in dietary carcinogenicity along with the increase in weight in a significant part of the society should alarm dental hygienists. All of the above factors significantly contribute to the increased risk of periodontal disease exacerbation as well as to its longer and more difficult treatment in the future [ 24 ].…”
The primary aim of this observational survey study was to assess patients’ attitudes toward clinical dental practice during the COVID-19 pandemic; the secondary aim was to evaluate patients’ attitudes towards oral health by maintaining an appropriate lifestyle and oral hygiene at home. The questionnaire was developed using Google Forms. The questionnaire consisted of three parts: Part A—geographic, demographic, and personal data; Part B—patients’ attitude toward oral health selfcare and lifestyle; Part C—patients’ attitude toward dental practice. This survey, conducted during the months of November and December 2020, enrolled 1135 subjects throughout Italy. All data were statistically analyzed. COVID-19 has changed patients’ approach to dental procedures. Most of the people interviewed lived in families, and their greatest fear was infecting a family member. Restrictive measures forced people to stay at home, which led to an increased consumption of various types of food, including cariogenic foods. People said they felt safe when they went to the dentist, but they also paid special attention to measures to prevent contagion. Among the measures that should be introduced in similar situations in the future, people wanted telemedicine, a phone recall, and the possible use of video clips for home oral care instructions.
“…Thus, overweight/obese individuals are more likely to suffer from periodontitis compared to normal weight individuals in the control sample. 24 In general, obese individuals with periodontitis can significantly benefit from nonsurgical periodontal treatment, which reduces several biochemical biomarkers of obesity with or without weight loss 37 .…”
Periodontal diseases (PD) are multifactorial, chronic and infectious-inflammatory diseases that destroy periodontal attachment tissues and bacterial biofilms. Obesity is a chronic, multifactorial disease in which there is an excessive accumulation of body fat that harms the health and well-being of an individual. Periodontal diseases are important in the context of general health since they may be linked to several systemic diseases, such as obesity. This article aims to highlight the bidirectional relationship between obesity and periodontal disease. Materials and methods: The bibliographic review covered the PubMed, LILACS, and SciELO databases, and comprised studies and articles about the possible correlation between obesity and periodontal diseases between 2017 and 2021. In this context, periodontal diseases and obesity are similarly chronic, multifactorial, inflammatory and complex diseases which may interact with each other. The biological mechanisms responsible for the pathophysiology between periodontal diseases and obesity have not been fully understood. Their possible correlation is based on the production of hormones and cytokines via adipose tissue, altering the inflammatory response and interfering with the immune system. The data from this review demonstrate a lack of clinical studies assessing the role of periodontal diseases as a risk factor and as aggravation of obesity. Moreover, these data may support clinical research in this context.
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