What Are the Clinical and Systemic Results of Periodontitis Treatment in Obese Individuals?

Abstract

Purpose of Review Periodontitis and obesity are characterized by a dysregulated inflammatory state. Obese individuals have a higher chance of presenting periodontitis. Clinical studies in different populations demonstrate that individuals with obesity have worse periodontal conditions. This current review aims to explore recent literature to understand what the impacts of obesity on periodontal treatment outcomes are and to learn whether periodontal treatment can improve systemic biomarkers in obese individuals. Recent Findings Short- and long-term evaluations demonstrated that non-surgical periodontal treatment could improve clinical parameters in obese individuals, represented as the reduction in mean probing depth, sites with probing depth ≥ 4 mm, and extension of bleeding on probing. However, obese individuals may have less clinical improvement when compared to normal-weight individuals with a similar periodontal profile. Additionally, periodontal treatment may contribute to a reduction in systemic levels of retinol-binding protein 4 and leptin, while promoting an increase in systemic levels of adiponectin. Summary Overall, obese individuals with periodontitis can significantly benefit from non-surgical periodontal treatment. However, clinical improvements seem to be less prominent in obese individuals with periodontitis compared to non-obese individuals with similar periodontal status. Nevertheless, periodontal treatment may impact significantly on the reduction of several biochemical biomarkers of obesity with or without weight reduction. Further investigations are needed to improve our comprehension of the mechanisms underlying those findings.

Long non‐coding RNA AC018926.2 regulates palmitic acid exposure‐compromised osteogenic potential of periodontal ligament stem cells via the ITGA2/FAK/AKT pathway

“…Nevertheless, there remains controversy in the previous studies regarding the effect of PA on bone metabolism. Some studies suggest that PA exhibits high lipotoxicity and can negatively affect the osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts, 18,33,54 while other studies suggest that PA affects bone homeostasis mainly by influencing osteoclasts rather than osteoblasts 48–50 . According to our present study supported by systematical observation, when exposed to PA, the osteogenic potential of PDLSCs was notably impaired (Figure 1).…”

“…Increasing evidence has confirmed that obesity and obesity‐related complications are associated with the onset, progression and recovery of periodontitis 2,3,49,50 . However, the specific mechanism is still under investigation.…”

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“…Unfortunately, the increase in dietary carcinogenicity along with the increase in weight in a significant part of the society should alarm dental hygienists. All of the above factors significantly contribute to the increased risk of periodontal disease exacerbation as well as to its longer and more difficult treatment in the future [ 24 ].…”

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“…Thus, overweight/obese individuals are more likely to suffer from periodontitis compared to normal weight individuals in the control sample. 24 In general, obese individuals with periodontitis can significantly benefit from nonsurgical periodontal treatment, which reduces several biochemical biomarkers of obesity with or without weight loss 37 .…”