What are palm groves of Phoenix? Conservation of Phoenix palm groves in the European Union

Abstract

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A microbotanical and microwear perspective to plant processing activities and foodways at Neolithic Çatalhöyük

“…Rosen [ 92 ] also noticed that this ‘exotic’ type was associated with food-related and storage contexts, suggesting that it may have originated from Phoenix dactylifera leaves arriving in the form of basketry from the Levant through long-distance exchange networks. However, Phoenix theophrasti , a palm local to the Aegean coast and known in antiquity for its economic importance could also produce this morphotype [ 256 , 257 ]. Wherever it was the geographical origin of palm, it is consistent for this good to arrive at the site via exchange networks with the Mediterranean world as also evidenced by the presence of sea mollusks [ 258 ].…”

Characterisation of palms and ornamentals in the EU: a tool for crop‐based survey of Union quarantine pests

“…Twenty-four palm species in this report were shortlisted based on the combination of their climate suitability (i.e. palm species of considerable 'cold hardiness'; see Section 6.1), distribution data (CABI, online; POWO, online; GBIF, online; PlantNET, online; see Section 6.2) and an extensive literature review (Orsino and Olivari, 1987;Merlo et al, 1993;Vamvoukakis et al, 1988;García-Castaño et al, 2014;Rivera et al, 2015;Shabani et al, 2015;Fehr and Burga, 2016;Caudullo et al, 2017;Rochat et al, 2017;Obón et al, 2018;Spennemann, 2018;Ferry et al, 2019;Essl, 2019;Wazen et al, 2020;Tonellotto et al, 2022;EFSA et al, 2023a).…”

“…The category 'natural/naturalised' refers to palms which are native to the EU, or can be considered naturalised. The decision whether to include a certain palm species in a particular category was based on the distribution data (CABI, online; POWO, online; GBIF, online; PlantNET, online) and (Orsino and Olivari, 1987;Merlo et al, 1993;Vamvoukakis et al, 1988;García-Castaño et al, 2014;Rivera et al, 2015;Shabani et al, 2015;Fehr and Burga, 2016;Caudullo et al, 2017;Rochat et al, 2017;Obón et al, 2018;Spennemann, 2018;Ferry et al, 2019;Essl, 2019;Wazen et al, 2020;Tonellotto et al, 2022;EFSA et al, 2023a). As previously mentioned, only date palm is cultivated in the EU as a crop.…”

“…Southeastern Spain is the main area for date palms in the EU with nearly one million trees as of the late 1900s, before the spread of the red palm weevil (Rhycnhophorus ferrugineus) (Rivera et al, 2015). Cultivated date palm populations are legally protected in the Palmeral de Elche and other localities of southeastern Spain (Obón et al, 2018). This is not the case for those in natural habitats (Rivera et al, 2015).…”

Nomenclature and typification of Phoenix senegalensis (Arecaceae)

“…Phoenix canariensis H.Wildpret is endemic to the Canary Islands (Obón & al., ), and during the last century and a half has become the most important ornamental palm species both indoor and in gardens all over the world (Zona, ; Rivera & al., ; Martínez‐Rico, ). This has likely contributed to the position of P. canariensis as the second‐most published on Phoenix species in the botanical and horticultural literature indexed in BHL ().…”