What are community perspectives regarding brain- computer interfaces? A cross-sectional study of community-dwelling adults in the UK

Abstract

Background Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have emerged as ground-breaking tools in neuroscience, enabling direct communication between the brain and external devices. This technology holds promise for enhancing the lives of individuals with neurological disorders offering new avenues for rehabilitation, communication and personal autonomy. Despite rapid technological advancements, public perceptions and ethical considerations surrounding BCI technology remain largely unexplored especially within the community setting in the UK. Aims The primary aim was to investigate the knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of community-dwelling adults in the UK regarding BCIs. We also sought to uncover ethical considerations and gauge public interest in potential medical and non-medical applications. Methods This cross-sectional study collected data from 846 respondents using a structured 29-item online questionnaire disseminated through various platforms. Data were collected on demographics, awareness of BCI technology, its applications and participants' willingness to use BCIs under different circumstances. Results Most respondents had never heard of or used BCIs, showing a significant awareness gap. Despite this, there was a strong interest in the medical applications of BCIs particularly for rehabilitation and aiding individuals with disabilities reflecting a cautious optimism towards their development. Conversely, non-medical uses elicited concerns about privacy, data security and long-term societal impacts highlighting ethical and regulatory challenges. Conclusion We recorded broad support for the development of BCI technology especially for applications that improve the quality of life for individuals with disabilities. This support was tempered by a pressing need for public education, engagement and the development of robust ethical guidelines and regulatory frameworks to navigate the future integration of BCIs into society. Addressing these challenges is crucial for realizing the full potential of BCIs in a manner that aligns with societal values and expectations.