What America owes to Woodrow Wilson

Romek, M.; Krzysztofowicz, Ewa

doi:10.1007/bf02687355

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In a few cases stereological methods have been used for studying the volume density of mitochondria in germ-line cells. These studies revealed the presence of a higher volume density of mitochondria in germ-line cells than in somatic cells [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. According to the hypothesis that the volume density of mitochondria corresponds with the cell activity, the authors claimed that germ-line cells should be more active metabolically than somatic cells [ 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Muscle cells, nerve cells or liver cells have a higher relative volume density of mitochondria than bone or cartilage cells. Based on these assumptions some researchers have studied germ-line cells in an attempt to interpret the energy consumption of those cells by studying mitochondria distribution within a cell [ 10 , 11 ] or by determining the relative volume of mitochondria in the cytoplasm [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. As a result, they have found a much higher volume density of mitochondria in germ-line cells than in somatic cells and it has been suggested that the energy requirements of germ-line cells might be higher than those of somatic cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of the Behavior of Mitochondria in the Ovaries of the Earthworm Dendrobaena veneta Rosa 1839

et al. 2015

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We examined six types of cells that form the ovary of the earthworm Dendrobena veneta ogonia, prooocytes, vitellogenic oocytes, trophocytes, fully grown postvitellogenic oocytes and somatic cells of the gonad. The quantitative stereological method revealed a much higher “volume density” of mitochondria in all of the types of germ-line cells except for the somatic cells. Fluorescent vital stain JC-1, however, showed a much higher oxidative activity of mitochondria in the somatic cells than in the germ-line cells. The distribution of active and inactive mitochondria within the studied cells was assessed using the computer program ImageJ. The analysis showed a higher luminosity of inactive mitochondria in all of the types of germ-line cells and a higher luminosity of active mitochondria in somatic cells. The OXPHOS activity was found in somatic cells mitochondria and in the peripheral mitochondria of the vitellogenic oocytes. The detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS) revealed a differentiated distribution of ROS in the different cell types. The amount of ROS substances was lower in somatic cells than in younger germ-line cells. The ROS level was also low in the cytoplasm of fully grown postwitellogenic oocytes. The distribution of the MnSOD enzyme that protects mitochondria against destructive role of ROS substances was high in the oogonia and in prooocytes and it was very high in vitellogenic and postvitellogenic oocytes. However, a much lower level of this protective enzyme was observed in the trophocytes and the lowest level was found in the cytoplasm of somatic cells. The lower mitochondrial activity and higher level of MnSOD activity in germ-line cells when compared to somatic cells testifies to the necessity of the organisms to protect the mitochondria of oocytes against the destructive role of the ROS that are produced during oxidative phosphorylation. The protection of the mitochondria in oocytes is essential for the transfer of healthy organelles to the next generation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Behavior of Mitochondria in the Ovaries of the Earthworm Dendrobaena veneta Rosa 1839

et al. 2015

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“…Woodrow Wilson often employed Darwinian theories in his political writing and rhetoric to argue for an administrative state. Wilson’s political thought was influenced by a combination of Edmund Burke, Hegel, and the application of Darwin’s biological science to social issues by Herbert Spencer (Pestritto, 2005). Much has been written on Wilson and administration over the decades (Clements, 1998; Cook, 1995, 1998, 2002; Doig, 1983; Kirwan, 1977; Marion, 1980; Martin, 1988; Raadschelders, 2002; Rosenbloom, 2008; Thorsen, 1988).…”

Section: Woodrow Wilson and The Darwinian Argument For Administrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Darwin and American public administration

Slomski

2021

Polit. life sci.

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This research note addresses a gap in the public administration literature by arguing that a political Darwinism was present in the intellectual origins of American administrative theory. By examining the arguments of Woodrow Wilson, this article demonstrates that Darwinism complemented the German political thought that contributed to the establishment of America’s administrative state. The application of Darwinian evolutionary biology to politics was a vital element of Wilson’s reconceptualization of the state as a living organism. Darwinism was a key rhetorical tool employed by Wilson in his argument against the Constitution’s separation of powers. This note finds that Darwinism was present in the early stages of public administration theory in Wilson’s argumentation and persists today in the public administration literature. It concludes by sketching out an agenda for further research on Darwinism’s influence on public administration.

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“…Herbert Croly (1914) argued the outcomes promised by principles of the passions were “automatically stifled” by those very same impulses (p. 17). Woodrow Wilson reinforced the contention, noting that Publius’ science was bound to a form of science rooted in Newton (Pestritto, 2005). The laws of nature were not mechanical, but disclosed to be organic by Darwin.…”

Section: Governing Orientationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renovating the Refounding

Newswander

Bodén

Newswander

2018

Administration & Society

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Manifestos are bold and declarative, often seeking to challenge contemporary norms. This was true of the Blacksburg Manifesto, which critically argued that the field of public administration was resting on an unstable foundation. Instead of merely serving the role of critic, the authors of the refounding project laid a new foundation that could house a critical aspect of government: administration. Despite their successes, their answers have become dated. The field has changed, requiring a renovation. In seeking to revise the Manifesto, we update the project to make it more relevant for 21st-century governing.

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What America owes to Woodrow Wilson

Cited by 7 publications

References 23 publications

Analysis of the Behavior of Mitochondria in the Ovaries of the Earthworm Dendrobaena veneta Rosa 1839

Analysis of the Behavior of Mitochondria in the Ovaries of the Earthworm Dendrobaena veneta Rosa 1839

Darwin and American public administration

Renovating the Refounding

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