Wettability of carbon nanotube-grafted carbon fibers and their interfacial properties in polypropylene thermoplastic composite

Wang, Jian; Anthony, David B.; Fuentes, C.A.; Luca, Hugo G. De; Zhang, Dongxing; Bismarck, Alexander; Vuure, Aart Willem Van; Shaffer, Milo S. P.; Seveno, David

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2022.106993

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Recent decades have seen a significant increase in composites being used in lightweight aircraft and helicopters, with Airbus A350 and Boeing 787 using more than 50% of composites overall in their construction. Despite the excellent availability of CF/PP composites, the poor interfacial bonding between CFs and PP is attributed to the chemically inert and nonpolar surface of CFs during carbonization and graphitization, leading to poor compatibility and weak adhesion between the CFs and the PP resin matrix. − Moreover, the PP resin matrix has the following disadvantages: low melt flow and poor polarity, resulting in poor wettability of the resin matrix, − which is a common problem with all thermoplastic matrixes. − Therefore, weak interfacial bonding may result in poor mechanical properties of the CF/PP composite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interfacial Strengthening of Carbon Fiber/Polypropylene Composites via a Modified Acrylate Nanoemulsion

Zhou,

Zhu,

Yuan

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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In order to enhance the interfacial bonding between carbon fibers (CFs) and the polypropylene (PP) resin matrix, the modified acrylate nanoemulsion was prepared by emulsifying modified chlorinated polypropylene (CPP) by phase conversion. The nanoemulsion is safer and environmentally friendly than commercial solventbased nanoemulsions. The nanoemulsion possesses good stability owing to its regular droplet shape and uniform distribution (droplet size <100 nm, absolute zeta potential >40 mV) and is highly suitable for PP resins. The surface properties of CFs, including chemical composition, morphology, wettability, and interfacial adhesion were systematically investigated. Compared to unsized CFs, the surface roughness of sized CFs was reduced and the surface wettability was improved due to the increased surface oxygen content. As the nanoemulsion was uniformly coated on the CFs, the tensile strength and the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of the composite were both enhanced. Specifically, the ILSS of the composite sized with the P3 nanoemulsion has increased by 48.5%, indicating that the composite's mechanical strength and interfacial bonding significantly improved due to the nanoemulsion. On this basis, a dual physical and chemical interfacial strength mechanism of the nanoemulsion in the composite was proposed, and an effective and feasible method was proposed to solve the weak interfacial bonding between CFs and PP.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interfacial Strengthening of Carbon Fiber/Polypropylene Composites via a Modified Acrylate Nanoemulsion

Zhou,

Zhu,

Yuan

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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“…The reinforcement mechanism mainly has two aspects: (1) Van der Waals interactions between CNTs and CFs 16 ; (2) Mechanical interlocking between CNTs and the resin matrix 17,18 . Numerous studies had been performed to deposit CNTs onto CFs surface by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), electrophoretic deposition (EPD), and chemical grafting 19–21 . Among them, the high temperature of CVD would damage the strength of CFs; the inhomogeneity of the electric field during EPD made the deposition inhomogeneous 22 ; and chemical grafting was costly and the modification process was complicated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17,18 Numerous studies had been performed to deposit CNTs onto CFs surface by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), electrophoretic deposition (EPD), and chemical grafting. [19][20][21] Among them, the high temperature of CVD would damage the strength of CFs; the inhomogeneity of the electric field during EPD made the deposition inhomogeneous 22 ; and chemical grafting was costly and the modification process was complicated. Sizing, as a simple and effective method, had attracted extensive attention in the field of fiber surface treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controllable construction of “degressive gradient” transition layer on carbon fibers surface to enhance interfacial properties of carbon fiber/epoxy composites by layer upon layer assembly of carbon nano tubes

Zhu

Gao

Wang

et al. 2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Carbon fiber (CF) reinforced epoxy (EP) matrix composite was widely used in industries, however, the mismatch of modulus between CFs and resin would lead to easy damage at the composite interface. In addition, complex modification methods limited the application of CF composite. To address these problems, a simple and efficient physical coating method was used to introduce a degressive gradient modulus layer on the CF surface. The “stepped modulus” structure could effectively disperse stress, improve the mechanical interlocking and wettability, and realize the modulus matching between fiber and resin, thus significantly improving the interface properties of the composites. The interfacial properties of Cn‐CNT‐CF/EP (n was the number of coatings) were gradually improved with the controllable gradient modulus layer established. The interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and transverse fiber bundle (TFB) strength of C4‐CNTs‐CF/EP were increased by 65.7% and 85.6%, respectively. Due to the presence of a “degressive gradient” modulus layer, the improved mechanical properties of the Cn‐CNT‐CF/EP were comparable to or even more significant than other complicated approaches found in the literature. This simple and effective composite interface construction technique laid the theoretical and practical foundation for the preparation of high‐performance CF composite.

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“…While CFRTPs have several advantages, most commercially produced carbon fibers are surface treated and sized for carbon-fiber-reinforced thermosetting composites, resulting in weak interfacial adhesion to the carbon fiber surface when combined with thermoplastic resins [ 15 , 16 ]. Improving the interfacial adhesion between carbon fibers and thermoplastics is important because a weak interfacial adhesion induces a low shear force and leads to the premature failure of composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Interfacial Properties of Carbon Fiber/Maleic Anhydride-Grafted Polypropylene Composites via Two-Step Surface Treatment: Electrochemical Oxidation and Silane Treatment

Kim,

Han,

Kim

et al. 2023

Polymers

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The interfacial adhesion between carbon fibers (CFs) and a thermoplastic matrix is an important aspect that should be improved in manufacturing CF-reinforced thermoplastics with high strength and rigidity. In this study, the effects of a two-step surface treatment comprising electrochemical oxidation and silane treatment of the CF surface on the mechanical properties of CF/maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (MAPP) composites were confirmed. The surface characteristics of the treated CFs were analyzed via scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The tensile testing of a single CF and interfacial adhesion of the samples before and after the surface treatment were analyzed using a single-fiber testing machine and a universal testing machine. After the silane treatment, the roughness of the CF surface increased due to the formation of a siloxane network. In addition, the interfacial shear strength increased by ∼450% compared to that of the untreated CFs due to the covalent bond between the -NH2 end group of siloxane and MAPP. This two-step surface treatment, which can be performed continuously, is considered an effective method for improving the mechanical interface strength between the CF and polymer matrix.

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Wettability of carbon nanotube-grafted carbon fibers and their interfacial properties in polypropylene thermoplastic composite

Cited by 15 publications

References 62 publications

Interfacial Strengthening of Carbon Fiber/Polypropylene Composites via a Modified Acrylate Nanoemulsion

Interfacial Strengthening of Carbon Fiber/Polypropylene Composites via a Modified Acrylate Nanoemulsion

Controllable construction of “degressive gradient” transition layer on carbon fibers surface to enhance interfacial properties of carbon fiber/epoxy composites by layer upon layer assembly of carbon nano tubes

Enhanced Interfacial Properties of Carbon Fiber/Maleic Anhydride-Grafted Polypropylene Composites via Two-Step Surface Treatment: Electrochemical Oxidation and Silane Treatment

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