Wetspun poly-L-(lactic acid)-borosilicate bioactive glass scaffolds for guided bone regeneration

Abstract

We developed a porous poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) scaffold compounded with borosilicate bioactive glasses (BBGs) endowing it with bioactive properties. Porous PLLA-BBG fibre mesh scaffolds were successfully prepared by the combination of wet spinning and fibre bonding techniques. Micro-computed tomography (μCT) confirmed that the PLLA-BBG scaffolds containing ≈25% of BBGs (w/w) exhibited randomly interconnected porous (58 to 62% of interconnectivity and 53 to 67% of porosity) with mean pore diameters higher that 100μm. Bioactivity and degradation studies were performed by immersing the scaffolds in simulated body fluid (SBF) and ultrapure water, respectively. The PLLA-BBG scaffolds presented a faster degradation rate with a constant release of inorganic species, which are capable to produce calcium phosphate structures at the surface of the material after 7days of immersion in SBF (Ca/P ratio of ~1.7). Cellular in vitro studies with human osteosarcoma cell line (Saos-2) and human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) showed that PLLA-BBGs are not cytotoxic to cells, while demonstrating their capacity to promote cell adhesion and proliferation. Overall, we showed that the proposed scaffolds present a tailored kinetics on the release of inorganic species and controlled biological response under conditions that mimic the bone physiological environment.

A Textile Platform Using Continuous Aligned and Textured Composite Microfibers to Engineer Tendon‐to‐Bone Interface Gradient Scaffolds

“…In this work, two different polymeric solutions were used to mimic tendon (PCL/gelatin) and bone tissues (PCL/gelatin /HAp). Biodegradable synthetic polymers such as poly(lactic‐ co ‐glycolic acid) (PLGA), poly‐ε‐caprolactone (PCL), poly(lactic acid) (PLLA), have demonstrated suitability to wet‐spinning processing. Among these, PCL has been widely used due to its compatibility, mechanical strength, low cost, and solubility in most solvents.…”

ADSC-Based Cell Therapies for Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Review of Recent Clinical Trials

“…Therefore, a wide range of materials with various pore sizes are actively being developed and tested [ 115 , 116 ]. The frequently reported biomaterials for the bone-regenerating scaffolds include hydroxyapatite (HA) [ 117 ], β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) [ 73 ], synthetic polymers such as polylactic acid (PLA) [ 118 ], and poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) [ 119 ]. Furthermore, a combination of osteogenic bioactive molecules and biomaterial-based scaffolds has also been tested.…”

Engineering of Extracellular Matrix‐Like Biomaterials at Nano‐ and Macroscale toward Fabrication of Hierarchical Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

“…The mentioned characteristics make bioactive glass an interesting material for bone regeneration application and an optimal base material for bone scaffold production. [29,30] For example, Fernandes et al [31] developed a fiber bonding technique and wetspun porous poly-L-(lactic acid)-borosilicate bioactive glass scaffold for bone regeneration. The incorporation of bioactive glass resulted in a consistent release profile of inorganic species, producing calcium phosphate structures on the surface material.…”

“…Additionally, in tests conducted with hASCs, the system promoted cell adhesion and proliferation, thus providing nontoxic structural support for cell growth. [31]…”