WETRP: Weight Based Energy & Temperature Aware Routing Protocol for Wireless Body Sensor Networks

Abstract

The technological advancements in wireless communication and miniaturization of sensor nodes have resulted in the development of Wireless Medical Sensor Networks (WMSNs) which can be effectively used for remote patient monitoring. Remote patient monitoring is one such application of wireless sensor networks which is becoming increasingly prevalent in healthcare. The healthcare applications of the WMSNs are delay-sensitive and require timely delivery of patient-critical data. However, the frequent exchange of critical data packets results in higher delays, collisions, packet drop, and re-transmissions. Consequently, it brings a detrimental impact on the performance of the WMSNs. In addition, the implanted biomedical sensor nodes produce electromagnetic radiations, pose a serious threat of damaging sensitive tissues in the human body. Protecting tissue damage requires thermal-aware routing protocols. However, most of the thermal-aware routing protocols developed for the WBSNs primarily focused on minimizing temperature, while overlooking the energy conservation goal and optimization of route selection. In this paper, we propose a weighted, QoS-based, energy and temperature-aware routing protocol, referred to as (WETRP), for the WMSNs that utilizes a composite routing metric by keeping in view temperature, remaining node energy, and link-delay estimation during route selection decisions. The simulation results presented in the paper demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed scheme in terms of preventing temperature rise, dealing with hotspot nodes, and maximizing network's lifetime. INDEX TERMS Wireless body sensor network, routing protocols, QoS, energy efficiency, temperature, hotspot nodes.

Reckoning Network Lifetime Ratio for Wireless Sensor Network

“…The distance is found from each of the routes and then best route is the one which has the lowest distance. (5) C. ZRP Algorithm ZRP (Zone Routing Protocol) routing will find the neighbors. After that the neighbors are segregated into border nodes.…”

“…The characteristics of environment are delay sensitivity and critical data. When the data is transmitted to the actual intended node at regular intervals at a higher rate causes issues like packet drops, retransmissions, and collisions [5].…”

Lifetime and Energy Efficiency Improvement Techniques for Hierarchical Networks

“…The health care factors include sensitivity of time, critical nature of data. The Wireless Medical Sensor Networks (WMSNs) are used for such applications [4].…”

“…3 shows the single system nature for network in which the unique detection points are placed in (1,100) x limits and (1,100) y limits. Detection point 9 in at the position (9,11), Detection point 52 is at the position (90,10) and Detection point is present at (4,68). In a similar fashion all the detection points in the network will be at unique positions in the WSN network.…”

Energy efficient routing in wireless sensor network based on mobile sink guided by stochastic hill climbing

“…The equal distribution of proportion of weight is done among distance, relay times, and residual energy [19] such that (w1 +w2 +w3) = 1. Where ER is the residual energy, Relay times is the number of hops and DNBdistance of the node from base station [20][21][22] The sink has to decide the next best position based on the relay hop count of all packets received in the past interval. A cost factor is formulated based on the relay hop count and the best solution which gives higher cost compared to previous solution is chosen for sink movement.…”