Wetlands in Brazil: classification, floristic composition and biological Nitrogen fixation

Abstract

Wetland ecosystems represent about 20% of South America, and are classified according to the flood regime, which also influences on vegetation. Despite the value of ecosystem services provided by this environment, those areas are close to eradication in several parts of Brazil. These environments are extremely fragile. Flooded areas are subject to nitrogen losses (N) by leaching, becoming dependent on the N increases from biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). However, little is known about this process on wetlands. Understanding the adaptative strategies of these microorganisms and plants is essential for the maintenance and preservation of these ecosystems. The objective of this work is to present a literature review discussing aspects of floristic composition, biological nitrogen fixation, and morphophysiological adaptations that occur in the rhizobium-leguminous system in wetlands. For the bibliographic survey, articles and other academic works relevant to the topic were selected, in order to enrich the proposed discussion.

Soil diazotrophic abundance, diversity, and community assembly mechanisms significantly differ between glacier riparian wetlands and their adjacent alpine meadows

“…Thus, the differences in the aforementioned environmental factors between wetlands and their adjacent meadows can dramatically affect soil diazotrophic communities ( Zhu et al, 2022 ). In the alpine regions, highly abundant and diverse diazotrophs have been observed in wetland soils ( Larmola et al, 2014 ; Che et al, 2018a ; Terra et al, 2022 ). Furthermore, as mentioned above, the degradation of wetlands can significantly decrease soil diazotrophic diversity and activity ( Li et al, 2022a ; Wang et al, 2022a ).…”