Wetlands as regulators of pollutant transport.

Blackwell, Martin; Hogan, David; Maltby, E.; Haygarth, P. M.; Jarvis, S. C.

doi:10.1079/9780851995458.0321

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…The majority of retention performances measured in VTSs exceeded 70%. Dilution, phase transfer processes (e.g., adsorption to plants and sediments) (Bennett et al, 2005), and transformation processes (e.g., degradation due to hydrolysis, photolysis, and aerobic or anaerobic decomposition) (Imfeld et al, 2009; Blackwell et al, 2002; Vink and Van der Zande, 1997; Rodgers and Dunn, 1992) have been identified as major pathways responsible for concentration reduction. The negative retention values reported by the ArtWET project (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticide Risk Mitigation by Vegetated Treatment Systems: A Meta-Analysis

et al. 2011

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Pesticides entering agricultural surface waters threaten water quality and aquatic communities. Recently, vegetated treatment systems (VTSs) (e.g., constructed wetlands and vegetated ditches) have been proposed as pesticide risk mitigation measures. However, little is known about the effectiveness of VTSs in controlling nonpoint source pesticide pollution and factors relevant for pesticide retention within these systems. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis on pesticide mitigation by VTSs using data from the scientific literature and the European LIFE ArtWET project. Overall, VTSs effectively reduced pesticide exposure levels (i.e., the majority of pesticide retention performances was >70%). A multiple linear regression analysis of 188 retention performance cases identified the two pesticide properties, organic carbon sorption coefficient value and water-phase 50% dissipation time, as well as the VTS characteristics overall plant coverage and hydraulic retention time for targeting high efficacy of pesticide retention. The application of a Tier I risk assessment (EU Uniform Principle) revealed a higher toxicity reduction for hydrophobic and nonpersistent insecticides compared with less sorptive and not readily degradable herbicides and fungicides. Overall, nearly half (48.5%) of all pesticide field concentrations ( = 130) failed Tier I standard risk assessment at the inlet of VTSs, and 29.2% of all outlet concentrations exceeded conservative acute threshold levels. We conclude that VTSs are a suitable and effective risk mitigation strategy for agricultural nonpoint source pesticide pollution of surface waters. Further research is needed to improve their overall efficacy in retaining pesticides.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticide Risk Mitigation by Vegetated Treatment Systems: A Meta-Analysis

et al. 2011

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“…People in developing countries have been using wetlands for water purification for quite a long time (Denny 1987;Jørgensen 1989, 2004;Blackwell et al 2002;Zedler and Kercher 2005;Verhoeven et al 2006). Pollution occurring in wetlands depends on many factors, the most important ones being the increase of the population and the associated economical and industrial development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fate of Heavy Metals in an Urban Natural Wetland: The Nyabugogo Swamp (Rwanda)

Sekomo

Nkuranga

Rousseau

et al. 2010

Water Air Soil Pollut

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The Nyabugogo natural wetland (Kigali City, Rwanda) receives all kinds of untreated wastewaters, including those from industrial areas. This study monitored heavy metal concentrations (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn) in all environmental compartments of the swamp: water and sediment, the dominant plant species Cyperus papyrus, and fish (Clarias sp. and Oreochromis sp.) and Oligochaetes. Cr, Cu, and Zn concentrations in the water were generally below the WHO (2008) drinking water standards, whereas Cd and Pb were consistently above these limits. Except Cd, all metal concentrations were below the threshold levels for irrigation. The highest metal accumulation occurred in the sediment with up to 4.2 mg/kg for Cd, 68 mg/kg for Cu, 58.3 mg/kg for Pb, and 188.0 mg/kg for Zn, followed by accumulation in the roots of C. papyrus with up to 4.2 mg/kg for Cd, 45.8 mg/kg for Cr, 29.7 mg/kg for Cu, and 56.1 mg/kg for Pb. Except Cu and Zn, other heavy metal (Cd, Cr, and Pb) concentrations were high in Clarias sp., Oreochromis sp., and Oligochaetes. Therefore, there is a human health concern for people using water and products from the swamp.

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“…The Baltic Sea is considered to be one of the most threatened marine ecosystems, as it is affected by industrial, agricultural and municipal pollution, transport, and also the continued clearing of forests and the deterioration of wetlands in the catchment area (Jansson et al 1998). It has been recognised that the maintenance, sustainable management and restoration of wetlands is of great importance at catchment level (Weller et al 1996;Gustafson et al 1998;Paludan et al 2000;Arheimer and Wittgren 2002;Blackwell et al 2002). Jansson et al (1998) have calculated that existing natural wetlands in the Baltic Sea drainage basin can annually retain an amount of N that corresponds to about 5-13% of annual total (natural and anthropogenic) N emissions entering the Baltic Sea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%