Wet Processing of Hemp: An Overview

Idler, Christine; Pecenka, Ralf; Fürll, Christian; Gusovius, Hans-Jörg

doi:10.1080/15440478.2011.576089

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Rarely, hemp is frost retted -the stems allowed to ret overwinter. A variety of experimental retting techniques have also been attempted, such as retting in plastic bags (Li et al, 2009) and ensilage (Idler et al, 2011).…”

Section: Modern Fiber Hemp Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution and Classification of Cannabis sativa (Marijuana, Hemp) in Relation to Human Utilization

2015

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Cannabis sativa has been employed for thousands of years, primarily as a source of a stem fiber (both the plant and the fiber termed "hemp") and a resinous intoxicant (the plant and its drug preparations commonly termed "marijuana"). Studies of relationships among various groups of domesticated forms of the species and wildgrowing plants have led to conflicting evolutionary interpretations and different classifications, including splitting C. sativa into several alleged species. This review examines the evolving ways Cannabis has been used from ancient times to the present, and how human selection has altered the morphology, chemistry, distribution and ecology of domesticated forms by comparison with related wild plants. Special attention is given to classification, since this has been extremely contentious, and is a key to understanding, exploiting and controlling the plant. Differences that have been used to recognize cultivated groups within Cannabis are the results of disruptive selection for characteristics selected by humans. Wild-growing plants, insofar as has been determined, are either escapes from domesticated forms or the results of thousands of years of widespread genetic exchange with domesticated plants, making it impossible to determine if unaltered primeval or ancestral populations still exist. The conflicting approaches to classifying and naming plants with such interacting domesticated and wild forms are examined. It is recommended that Cannabis sativa be recognized as a single species, within which there is a narcotic subspecies with both domesticated and ruderal varieties, and similarly a non-narcotic subspecies with both domesticated and ruderal varieties. An alternative approach consistent with the international code of nomenclature for cultivated plants is proposed, recognizing six groups: two composed of essentially non-narcotic fiber and oilseed cultivars as well as an additional group composed of their hybrids; and two composed of narcotic strains as well as an additional group composed of their hybrids.

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Section: Modern Fiber Hemp Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution and Classification of Cannabis sativa (Marijuana, Hemp) in Relation to Human Utilization

2015

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“…Each of them, due to the mechanical properties of the fibre, requires an individual approach, however, due to the energy consumption of these processes, it would be expedient to use hemp biomass in the form of bales and cubes for energy purposes [18,19]. Broader possibilities of using hemp biomass are given by its thermochemical transformation in biogas and ethanol production where both wet and ensiled biomass can be used [20]. However, these processes, according to Kreuger [21], are economically dependent on the market prices of the raw material and require the cheapest raw materials for profitability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Possibility of Using Hemp Biomass (Cannabis Sativa L.) for Energy Purposes: A Case Study

et al. 2019

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During testing, the possibility of using hemp biomass for energy purposes was assessed. The criteria assessed were the physical and chemical properties of hemp biomass, as well as the combustion process of straw and briquettes made of it in a low-power boiler. The results were made and compared with currently applicable standards. Technical and chemical properties of hemp biomass are comparable with the best plants used for energy purposes. Studies have also shown the susceptibility of hemp biomass compaction. However, large emissions recorded during the combustion of the tested forms of biofuels from hemp straw in light of applicable standards disqualify this fuel for use in grate-type heating devices with air fed under the grate. It would be advisable to carry out research on the total costs of pellet production and their use in heating devices with a retort burner, while taking into account this biofuel’s ashes’ susceptibility of sintering.

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“…According to ATB developed technology harvested and chopped whole hemp plants (seeds, leaves, fibres, shives) are wet preserved under anaerobic conditions [4]. Raw material that is stored for 14 days (FDH) to maximum 12 months (PDH) is used to manufacture the boards; Phenol formaldehyde resins (PF) -Prefere 16J536 and Urea-formaldehyde copolymer in water (UF) -Hexion LL4547 in amount 10 g/kg of mixture dry mass are used as the binders.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wet-preserved hemp fibreboard properties improvement with veneering

Kirilovs¹,

Kukle²,

Gusovius³

2015

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. The initial research describes a new type of fiber boards for the furniture interior design, developed in cooperation with ATB (Leibniz-Institute for Agricultural Engineering) by using a new method of raw materials preparation and specific production technologies of ATB. The main raw materials are aerobically aged hemp stalks. The samples are made of hemp chips with a long preservation time and fastened together with the UF glue. Specimens are 8 mm thick and correspond to a medium-density fiberboard, fitting standard EN622. Due to the fact that nonveneered material can be used only in non-load-bearing constructions, material improving technologies were studied, such as increase of board density, increase of glue percentage, partially substitution of wet-preserved hemp chips with a dry hemp and/or wooden chips to equalize moisture content of obtained mixture. The particular article describes how the new material is veneered with the oak veneer obtaining three-ply composite board with the improved mechanical properties that allows to use these boards in a load-bearing constructions. Tests are performed with the veneered material to determine such parameters as static bending strength (MOR), modulus of elasticity in static bending (MOE), swelling in thickness and hardness.

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Wet Processing of Hemp: An Overview

Cited by 24 publications

References 12 publications

Evolution and Classification of Cannabis sativa (Marijuana, Hemp) in Relation to Human Utilization

Evolution and Classification of Cannabis sativa (Marijuana, Hemp) in Relation to Human Utilization

Assessment of the Possibility of Using Hemp Biomass (Cannabis Sativa L.) for Energy Purposes: A Case Study

Wet-preserved hemp fibreboard properties improvement with veneering

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