Wet deposition of ammonium in Europe

Buijsman, E; Erisman, J. W.

doi:10.1007/bf00053860

Cited by 47 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Our figures for NH4-N input are somewhat higher than those given by Asman and Drukker (1988) and by Buijsman and Erisman (1988) for the early eighties. The N-deposition distribution maps presented by the authors show that the risks of nitrogen imbalance could be similar for forests situated in the Ardenne and Eifel region, and perhaps also for the Vosges and the Black Forest area, where nitrate deposition and soil conditions are supposed to be equivalent.…”

Section: Atmospheric N-inputcontrasting

confidence: 47%

A decennial control of N-cycle in the Belgian Ardenne forest ecosystems

et al. 1990

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As a rule, N-supply of mature Ardenne forest ecosystems is satisfactory. Mineralization rates of soil organic matter are generally high and nitrogen is not a frequent nor an important growth limiting factor. Light N-deficiency is likely to depend on unsatisfactory root absorbing power in very acid soils with dysmoder humus. For other major elements, especially for Mg, Ca and P, near optimal nutrition is rarely observed.During the late sixties, fertilizer experiments have shown that nutrition equilibrium of stands growing on acid soils, poor in exchangeable Mg, is very sensitive to artificial NH4-addition. Mg-deficiency symptoms have been induced. The present continuing atmospheric NH 4 input is believed to produce similar but lasting nutritional stress which might be accentuated by additional acidity generated during nitrification of excess NH 4. Evolving Mg deficiency leads to trees' death and developing forest decline is likely to enhance N-output under NO3-form.Awaiting adequate air purification, fertilizing should restore nutrition equilibrium in order to save damaged stands, to slow down soil acidification and to incorporate excess atmospheric N-input into improved biomass production.

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Section: Atmospheric N-inputcontrasting

confidence: 47%

A decennial control of N-cycle in the Belgian Ardenne forest ecosystems

et al. 1990

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“…Maps of European wet deposition of NH x have been provided by Buijsman & Erisman (1988) and Hjellbrekke, Schaug & Skjelmoen (1996). Measurements of the wet deposition close to sources are needed to validate the conclusion that nearby sources do not significantly contribute to wet deposition.…”

Section:  mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonia: emission, atmospheric transport and deposition

Asman¹,

Sutton

Schjørring³

1998

New Phytologist

516

292

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The global emission of ammonia (NH $ ) is about 54 Mt N. The major global sources are excreta from domestic animals and fertilizers, but oceans, biomass burning and crops are also important. About 60 % of the global NH $ emission is estimated to come from anthropogenic sources. NH $ -N emissions are of the same order as the NO x -N emissions on both global and European scales. Emitted NH $ returns to the surface mainly in the form of dry deposition of NH $ and wet deposition of ammonium (NH % + ). In countries with high NH $ emission densities, dry deposition of NH $ from local sources and wet deposition of NH % + from remote sources dominate the deposition. In countries with low NH $ emission densities only wet deposition of NH % + from remote sources dominates the deposition. Surface exchange of NH $ is essentially bi-directional, depending on the NH $ compensation point concentration of the vegetation and the airborne concentration. In general, the compensation point is larger for agricultural than semi-natural plants, and varies with plant growth stage. According to basic thermodynamics the leaf tissue or stomatal compensation point of NH $ doubles for each increase of 5 mC. However, exchange of NH $ does not only occur through the stomata, but it can also be deposited to leaf surfaces, as well as emitted back to the atmosphere from drying leaf surfaces. Atmospheric transport and deposition models can be used to interpolate NH $ concentrations and depositions in space and time, to calculate import\export balances and to estimate past or future situations. Adverse effects on sensitive ecosystems caused by high N deposition can be reduced by lowering the emissions and, to a limited extent, also by removing sources close to the ecosystem to be protected.

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“…Ammonia in the atmosphere can combine with some other compounds to form PM 2:5 , which has been shown to pose a health threat to humans (Erisman and Schaap, 2004). These gases promote a deterioration of equipment in the pig buildings (Ni et al, 2000b), elicit serious complaints from neighbors if the odors are emitted outdoors (Ni et al, 2000a), and can potentially damage ecosystems by soil acidification, water eutrophication and global warming van Breemen et al, 1982;Buijsman and Erisman, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Quantification of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emitted from pig buildings in Korea

Kim

et al. 2008

Journal of Environmental Management

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Wet deposition of ammonium in Europe

Cited by 47 publications

References 15 publications

A decennial control of N-cycle in the Belgian Ardenne forest ecosystems

A decennial control of N-cycle in the Belgian Ardenne forest ecosystems

Ammonia: emission, atmospheric transport and deposition

Quantification of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emitted from pig buildings in Korea

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