Wet and dry deposition fluxes of mercury in Japan

Sakata, Masahiro; Marumoto, Kohji

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.01.049

Cited by 125 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…These results support the perspective that atmospheric mercury is effectively scavenged during the early part of the rain event (Guo et al, 2008;Hall et al, 2005). As described above, it is likely that the PHg in precipitation accounted for about 63.3 % of THg in our research, being consistent with that the scavenging of PHg by precipitation contributed significantly to mercury wet deposition at urban site (Sakata and Marumoto, 2005).…”

Section: Relationship Between Mercury Concentrations In Precipitationsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Only a few monitoring studies of Hg deposition have been carried out at remote and suburban locations in China. Guo et al (2008) and Fu et al (2010b) reported that the annual mean Hg concentrations in precipitation were higher in some semi-remote and remote Chinese areas, when compared to some areas in other countries (Guentzel et al, 2001;Sakata and Marumoto, 2005). Although China is recognised as one of the biggest emitters of atmospheric Hg (Zhang and Wong, 2007;Jiang et al, 2006), there lacks long-term Hg research networks capable to depict temporal and spatial distribution of Hg in precipitation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial and temporal distributions of total and methyl mercury in precipitation in core urban areas, Chongqing, China

Wang

Meng

et al. 2012

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. The spatial and temporal distribution patterns of mercury (Hg) in precipitation were investigated in the core urban areas of Chongqing, China. During the period from July 2010 to June 2011, total mercury (THg) and methyl mercury (MeHg) concentrations in precipitation were analysed from three sampling sites. Our results suggested that the volume-weight mean THg and MeHg concentrations in precipitation were 30.67 ng l −1 and 0.31 ng l −1 , respectively. The proportion of MeHg in THg ranged from 0.1 % to 7.6 % with a mean value of 1.3 %. THg and MeHg concentrations showed seasonal variations, while the highest THg value was measured in winter. Contrarily, the highest MeHg concentration was observed in autumn. Additionally, a geographically gradual decline of THg concentration in precipitation was observed from the downtown to the suburb, then to the controlled site in the city. 5 mm rainfall might be a threshold for the full wash-out capability. Rainfall above 5 mm may have a diluting effect for the concentrations of THg. Moreover, the current research implies that the coal combustion and motor vehicles could be the dominant sources for Hg in the precipitation.

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Section: Relationship Between Mercury Concentrations In Precipitationsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal distributions of total and methyl mercury in precipitation in core urban areas, Chongqing, China

Wang

Meng

et al. 2012

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…In Japan, it has been reported that various substances, including non-sea-salt sulfate (nss-SO 4 2-), heavy metals and organic compounds, are transported from the Asian continent to Japan during winter and spring when the airflows from the Asian continent are dominant (Mukai et al, 1990(Mukai et al, , 1994Ichikawa et al, 1998;Tanaka and Sakata, 2002;Sakata and Marumoto, 2005;Sakata et al, 2006). Moreover, Tanimoto et al (2005) showed that the spring maximum of surface O 3 over Japan is significantly caused by NO x from sources in China and Korea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some data of the wet deposition fluxes of trace elements were reported previously (Sakata and Marumoto, 2005;Sakata et al, 2006;Sakata and Asakura, 2007). In this study, we measured boron isotopes in the precipitation samples collected at three sites on the Japan Sea coast, which has been considerably affected by emissions from the Asian continent compared with the Pacific Ocean side.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isotopic evidence of boron in precipitation originating from coal burning in Asian continent

2010

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The boron concentration and isotopic composition (δ 11 B) of precipitation collected from December 2002 to March 2006 at three sites on the Japan Sea coast were measured. Those sites have been considerably affected by the long-range transport of air pollutants from the Asian continent during winter and spring when the airflows from the Asian continent are predominant. The boron concentration in the precipitation increased primarily during winter whereas the δ 11 B decreased during winter or spring. It is assumed that this decrease in δ 11 B is not associated with a Rayleigh distillation process, because the previous δD values of the precipitation collected at a site on the Japan Sea coast did not decrease in the same manner. A weak correlation (r 2 = 0.13-0.24, P < 0.01) was observed between δ 11 B and the nonsea-salt sulfate (nss-SO 4 2-)/B ratio at each site, suggesting that boron in the precipitation originate primarily from two sources. The first source, which is characterized by high δ 11 B and nss-SO 4 2-/B = 0, is seawater. At the northern site, the enrichment factor for boron in the precipitation relative to seawater approached unity during winter. This implies that much of the boron in the precipitation is derived from unfractionated sea salts rather than gaseous boron evaporated from seawater. The second source is characterized by low δ 11 B and high nss-SO 4 2-/B ratio. Most of the nss-SO 4 2-in the precipitation originates from anthropogenic combustion activities in the Asian continent based on the previous model calculations. Coal accounts for a major portion of the total primary energy supply in China. Moreover, coal enriches boron and represents generally negative δ 11 B values. Hence, we propose that the emission of boron from coal burning is the most likely second source. Thus, boron isotopes may be useful as tracers of coal-burning plumes from the Asian continent.

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“…Among the ten sites, A, D, and G are located on the Japan Sea side, whereas E, F, H, and J are on the Pacific Ocean side. Previously, we reported seasonal and regional variations in the wet and dry deposition fluxes of trace elements (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, V, and Zn) at all ten sites or at the sites on the Japan Sea side (Sakata and Marumoto, 2005;Sakata et al, 2006;Asakura, 2009, 2011). The sites on the Japan Sea side had relatively high wet deposition fluxes and volume-weighted concentrations for As, Cd, Pb, and Se, owing to the large contribution of their long-range transport from the Asian continent.…”

Section: Sampling Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of Asian outflow to atmospheric concentrations of sulfate and trace elements in aerosols during winter in Japan

2014

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Wet and dry deposition fluxes of mercury in Japan

Cited by 125 publications

References 24 publications

Spatial and temporal distributions of total and methyl mercury in precipitation in core urban areas, Chongqing, China

Spatial and temporal distributions of total and methyl mercury in precipitation in core urban areas, Chongqing, China

Isotopic evidence of boron in precipitation originating from coal burning in Asian continent

Contribution of Asian outflow to atmospheric concentrations of sulfate and trace elements in aerosols during winter in Japan

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