1992
DOI: 10.1093/jee/85.1.9
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Western Flower Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Resistance to Insecticides in Coastal California Greenhouses

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Cited by 278 publications
(203 citation statements)
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“…However, the pest status of western flower thrips began to expand rapidly in the late 1970's when growers in California began to experience more extensive damage to cut flower crops from thrips feeding and virus transmission (Robb, 1989). Because of the exceedingly low damage thresholds for these crops, growers responded to the threat with intensive insecticide treatments, leading to the rapid development of resistance to all major classes of insecticides available at the time, including pyrethroids, carbamates, organophosphates and abamectin (Immaraju et al, 1992). This insecticide-resistant strain(s) of western flower thrips that originated in California is thought to then have spread around the world in association with the globalization of the cut flower and horticulture industries (Bonarriva, 2003;Huang, 2004).…”
Section: Western Flower Thrips As An Invasive Speciesmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…However, the pest status of western flower thrips began to expand rapidly in the late 1970's when growers in California began to experience more extensive damage to cut flower crops from thrips feeding and virus transmission (Robb, 1989). Because of the exceedingly low damage thresholds for these crops, growers responded to the threat with intensive insecticide treatments, leading to the rapid development of resistance to all major classes of insecticides available at the time, including pyrethroids, carbamates, organophosphates and abamectin (Immaraju et al, 1992). This insecticide-resistant strain(s) of western flower thrips that originated in California is thought to then have spread around the world in association with the globalization of the cut flower and horticulture industries (Bonarriva, 2003;Huang, 2004).…”
Section: Western Flower Thrips As An Invasive Speciesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Since the first reported case of control failures with insecticides (toxaphene, an organochlorine, Race, 1961), there have been numerous incidences of resistance reported to all major classes of insecticides from all regions of the world (Bielza et al, 2007b;Brødsgaard, 1994;Daǧli & Tunç, 2007;Immaraju et al, 1992;Jensen, 2000a;Kay & Herron, 2010;Morishita, 2001;Robb et al, 1995;Weiss et al, 2009;Zhao et al, 1995). Resistance has not only developed against insecticides targeting western flower thrips, but also insecticides used to treat other pest species.…”
Section: Insecticide Use and Insecticide Resistancementioning
confidence: 99%
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“…cides for TPB or WFT control can disrupt biological control programs for other greenhouse pests, such as aphids. In addition, the development of pesticide resistance has been reported for both WFT (Immaraju et al, 1992) and TPB (Snodgrass, 1996a,b).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%