Western Dietary Pattern Is Associated With Severe Coronary Artery Disease

Abstract

The independent predictive value of an unhealthy diet on the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) requires further investigation. We assessed the impact of dietary pattern on CAD severity. In this cohort study, we included 188 symptomatic stable patients with CAD. Patients were categorized as having severe CAD or nonsevere CAD by coronary angiography. Among several demographics and clinical characteristics, all patients were tested using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Concerning baseline demographic characteristics, there was no difference between patients with severe CAD and nonsevere CAD. Principal component analysis revealed 8 distinct dietary patterns. The first component Western dietary pattern (increased intake of fat, red meat, and carbohydrates and minimal consumption of fruits and green leafy vegetables) was predictive of severe CAD (area under the curve: 0.73, 95% confidence intervals: 0.64-0.83, P < .001). In conclusion, an unhealthy Western type of diet is associated with the severity of coronary artery lesions in patients with stable CAD. These findings highlight the role of dietary patterns when estimating cardiovascular risk for the management of patients with CAD.

Family History of Premature Coronary Artery Disease (P-CAD)—A Non-Modifiable Risk Factor? Dietary Patterns of Young Healthy Offspring of P-CAD Patients: A Case-Control Study (MAGNETIC Project)

“…The results of the nationwide project (WOBASZ), indicated that the diet of only 15% of Polish people complies with the Healthy Diet Index (HDI), and 60% presents unfavorable dietary habits (i.e., excess consumption of foods containing saturated fatty acids, and insufficient intake of foods high in folates, calcium, potassium, and magnesium) [ 28 ]. The components of the ‘westernized traditional’ pattern coincide with the characteristics reported in previous studies, in which the ‘western’ pattern was associated with an increased risk of CAD [ 29 , 30 , 31 ] and increased concentrations of CRP, insulin, C-peptide, leptin, and homocysteine [ 32 ]. Also, an increasing trend of concentration of E-selectin, sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 across the quintiles of the ‘western’ pattern was reported, suggesting that the pathogenic mechanisms may origin in endothelial dysfunction [ 33 ].…”

“…Higher prevalence of smokers among cases can create a concern as to whether cases were less health-orientated than controls. Nonetheless, previous studies showed that patients with P-CAD are more often smokers and have less favorable dietary patterns, than patients without P-CAD [ 6 , 9 , 11 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. Therefore, higher prevalence of smokers among cases may be caused by parental modelling and parenting behavior effects on offspring, rather than control group selection [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 46 ].…”

Association of dietary patterns and risk of cardiovascular disease events in theMASHADcohort study

“…This might be a potential mechanism by which the Western dietary pattern increases the risk of CVD (44,45) . Oikonomou et al (46) reported that there is a relationship between Western dietary pattern, as an unhealthy dietary pattern, and severity of coronary artery lesions in adults with stable coronary artery disease. Furthermore, we have previously found an association between adherence to the Western dietary pattern and risk of metabolic syndrome (47) , a major risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality (48) .…”

“…Hazard ratio (95% confidence intervals) of cardiovascular events according to tertiles of Western dietary pattern HR) was adjusted for age(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48) years and ≥49 years), sex, body mass index, smoking status (nonsmoker, ex-smoker and current smoker), education level (low, moderate, high), marital status (married, single, divorced, widow), total energy intake, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia. CI, confidence interval; CVD, cardiovascular disease.…”

Long-term effects of a food pattern on cardiovascular risk factors and age-related changes of muscular and cognitive function

“…The aging of the population is associated with a substantial rise of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), metabolic disorders like type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cancer, dementia and sarcopenia. [ 1 – 4 ] The dietary pattern is thought to constitute a major contributing factor [ 5 , 6 ] and seemed to be causally linked to 17.9% of CVD-related deaths in Germany in 2016. [ 7 ] Vice versa, current evidence from predominantly epidemiological studies indicates the reduction of age-related diseases through a healthy diet.…”