Western diet as a trigger of Alzheimer’s disease: From metabolic syndrome and systemic inflammation to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration

Wiȩckowska-Gacek, Angelika; Mietelska‐Porowska, Anna; Wydrych, Małgorzata; Wojda, Urszula

doi:10.1016/j.arr.2021.101397

Cited by 158 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 310 publications

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“…In addition, the MedDiet, DASH, and MIND diets recommend minimizing the consumption of red meat, sweets, processed foods, and sugar-sweetened beverages that are often associated with Western dietary patterns and with negative health outcomes [23,26,63]. Indeed, the Western dietary pattern has been associated with an increased risk of AD, although the underlying mechanisms are not yet completely clear [64]. In experimental studies, the Western diet enhanced brain inflammation and the production of beta-amyloid protein [65].…”

Section: Meddiet-dash Intervention For Neurodegenerative Delay (Mind Diet)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Other Lifestyle Factors in the Prevention of Cognitive Decline and Dementia

et al. 2021

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Multiple factors combined are currently recognized as contributors to cognitive decline. The main independent risk factor for cognitive impairment and dementia is advanced age followed by other determinants such as genetic, socioeconomic, and environmental factors, including nutrition and physical activity. In the next decades, a rise in dementia cases is expected due largely to the aging of the world population. There are no hitherto effective pharmaceutical therapies to treat age-associated cognitive impairment and dementia, which underscores the crucial role of prevention. A relationship among diet, physical activity, and other lifestyle factors with cognitive function has been intensively studied with mounting evidence supporting the role of these determinants in the development of cognitive decline and dementia, which is a chief cause of disability globally. Several dietary patterns, foods, and nutrients have been investigated in this regard, with some encouraging and other disappointing results. This review presents the current evidence for the effects of dietary patterns, dietary components, some supplements, physical activity, sleep patterns, and social engagement on the prevention or delay of the onset of age-related cognitive decline and dementia.

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Section: Meddiet-dash Intervention For Neurodegenerative Delay (Mind Diet)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Other Lifestyle Factors in the Prevention of Cognitive Decline and Dementia

et al. 2021

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“…The evidence that a dysregulation of the sleep/wake rhythm has a decisive impact on the parallel setting of metabolic processes suggests that the action of melatonin on metabolic function may be mediated not only by its "direct" action at the hypothalamic level, but also by an equally significant and "indirect" action through synchronizing the sleep/wake rhythm and the involvement of the autonomic nervous system [55].…”

Section: Melatonin and Metabolic Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin: From Neurobiology to Treatment

Biggio

Talani

et al. 2021

Brain Sciences

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Melatonin, the major regulator of the sleep/wake cycle, also plays important physiological and pharmacological roles in the control of neuronal plasticity and neuroprotection. Accordingly, the secretion of this hormone reaches the maximal extent during brain development (childhood-adolescence) while it is greatly reduced during aging, a condition associated to altered sleep pattern and reduced neuronal plasticity. Altogether, these properties of melatonin have allowed us to demonstrate in both experimental models and clinical studies the great chronobiotic efficacy and sleep promoting effects of exogenous melatonin. Thus, the prolonged release formulation of melatonin, present as a drug in the pharmaceutical market, has been recently recommended for the treatment of insomnia in over 55 years old subjects.

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“…WD is based on high-calorie, ultra-processed foods (rich in simple carbohydrates, saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, and salt and poor in fibers and mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acids) and can lead to obesity. The molecular mechanisms through which WD can predispose individuals to neurodegeneration have been extensively reviewed elsewhere [ 80 ], but in essence, evidence suggests that WD promotes neuroinflammation through an acceleration of brain amyloid deposition and p-tau pathology [ 80 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Brain Metabolism

et al. 2022

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We are facing an obesity epidemic, and obesity itself and its close companion, type 2 diabetes, are independent risk factors for neurodegeneration. While most medical treatments fail to induce a clinically meaningful improvement in neurodegenerative disorders, lifestyle interventions have emerged in the spotlight. A recently rediscovered approach is intermittent fasting (IF), which, compared to the classic caloric restriction regimens, limits only the time of eating, rather than the number of calories allowed per day. There is already a large amount of evidence from preclinical and clinical studies showing the beneficial effects of IF. In this review, we specifically focus on the effects of IF on brain metabolism. Key molecular players modified during IF and involved in its beneficial central effects (ketone bodies, BDNF, GABA, GH/IGF-1, FGF2, sirtuin-3, mTOR, and gut microbiota) are identified and discussed. Studies suggest that IF induces several molecular and cellular adaptations in neurons, which, overall, enhance cellular stress resistance, synaptic plasticity, and neurogenesis. Still, the absence of guidelines regarding the application of IF to patients hampers its broad utilization in clinical practice, and further studies are needed to improve our knowledge on the different IF protocols and long-term effects of IF on brain metabolism before it can be widely prescribed.

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Western diet as a trigger of Alzheimer’s disease: From metabolic syndrome and systemic inflammation to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration

Cited by 158 publications

References 310 publications

Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Other Lifestyle Factors in the Prevention of Cognitive Decline and Dementia

Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Other Lifestyle Factors in the Prevention of Cognitive Decline and Dementia

Melatonin: From Neurobiology to Treatment

Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Brain Metabolism

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