Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Behavior Is Affected by Alternating Diets of Corn and Soybean

Mabry, Timothy R.; Spencer, Joseph L.; Levine, Eli; Isard, Scott A.

doi:10.1603/0046-225x-33.4.860

Cited by 41 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…Western corn rootworm is the most important pest of corn in the United States, and, until recently, annually rotating corn with soybean was the principal management strategy to control its numbers (Onstad et al 2003). Some populations of western corn rootworm circumvent this crop rotation strategy by ovipositing in soybean fields (Onstad et al 2003;Crowder et al 2005), and nutritional stress increases the oviposition rate of western corn rootworm (Mabry et al 2004). Soybean foliage is not an optimal food for western corn rootworm, and higher C:N of soybeans in elevated CO 2 relative to ambient air may have increased nutritional stress, thereby increasing the number of eggs (Schroeder et al 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of elevated CO2 and O3 on leaf damage and insect abundance in a soybean agroecosystem

Dermody

O’Neill

Zangerl

et al. 2008

Arthropod-Plant Interactions

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By altering myriad aspects of leaf chemistry, increasing concentrations of CO 2 and O 3 in the atmosphere derived from human activities may fundamentally alter the relationships between insect herbivores and plants. Because exposure to elevated CO 2 can alter the nutritional value of leaves, some herbivores may increase consumption rates to compensate. The effects of O 3 on leaf nutritional quality are less clear; however, increased senescence may also reduce leaf quality for insect herbivores. Additionally, changes in secondary chemistry and the microclimate of leaves may render plants more susceptible to herbivory in elevated CO 2 and O 3 . Damage to soybean (Glycine max L.) leaves and the size and composition of the insect community in the plant canopy were examined in large intact plots exposed to elevated CO 2 (*550 lmol mol -1 ) and elevated O 3 (1.2*ambient) in a fully factorial design with a Soybean Free Air Concentration Enrichment system (SoyFACE). Leaf area removed by folivorous insects was estimated by digital photography and insect surveys were conducted during two consecutive growing seasons, 2003 and 2004. Elevated CO 2 alone and in combination with O 3 increased the number of insects and the amount of leaf area removed by insect herbivores across feeding guilds. Exposure to elevated CO 2 significantly increased the number of western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera) adults (foliage chewer) and soybean aphids (Aphis glycines; phloem feeder). No consistent effect of elevated O 3 on herbivory or insect population size was detected. Increased loss of leaf area to herbivores was associated with increased carbon-tonitrogen ratio and leaf surface temperature. Soybean aphids are invasive pests in North America and new to this ecosystem. Higher concentrations of CO 2 in the atmosphere may increase herbivory in the soybean agroecosystem, particularly by recently introduced insect herbivores.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of elevated CO2 and O3 on leaf damage and insect abundance in a soybean agroecosystem

Dermody

O’Neill

Zangerl

et al. 2008

Arthropod-Plant Interactions

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“…Rotation-resistant populations have been characterized as being more active than rotation-susceptible populations, which may increase the likelihood of dispersal to and from cornÞelds (Knolhoff et al 2006). Soybean consumption alone cannot sustain adult D. v. virgifera and the majority of nutritionally deprived females within a soybean Þeld must return to corn to complete egg development (Mabry et al 2004), forcing these adults to move between Þelds. To mimic this pattern of movement, adults in this study were fed soybean for 4 d followed by corn for 4 d.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, each petri dish contained an oviposition substrate and a small piece of 1.5% agar as a source of water. The ovipositional substrate was made following Mabry et al (2004) and was created by mixing 6.9% agar solution with Þnely sieved soil and pouring this mixture over a textured tray, where it cooled and formed a solid. Disks of the ovipositional substrate were cut using a petri dish (4 cm in diameter).…”

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Effect of Soybean Varieties on Survival and Fecundity of Western Corn Rootworm

Dunbar¹,

Gassmann²

2012

jnl. econ. entom.

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The western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is a major pest of corn (Zea mays L.) in North America and has evolved resistance to crop rotation by ovipositing in alternate crops such as soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Through experiments with plants grown in the greenhouse and the field, we tested whether soybeans with resistance to the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), affected survival, fecundity, and consumption of soybean for D. v. virgifera. Soybean varieties tested included those types resistant to A. glycines (Rag1 and rag1/rag3) and a susceptible near isoline of the Rag1 variety. Females were provided with a diet of corn tissue for 4 d after which they were fed a diet of tissue from one of three soybean varieties for 4 d, starved for 4 d, or fed corn tissue. When fed greenhouse grown plants, strains differed significantly in survival and consumption, but consumption did not differ by variety of soybean. Diet treatment only affected fecundity; individuals fed corn continuously had greater fecundity than those individuals fed soybeans. In the experiment with plants grown in the field, leaf consumption differed among strains and individuals fed corn continuously had greater fecundity than the other treatments. Soybean varieties with Rag1 and rag1/rag3 resistance toA. glycines did not appear to affect the fitness of D. v. virgifera. Thus, planting of these A. glycines-resistant soybean varieties should not directly affect the spread of rotation-resistant D. v. virgifera. KeywordsAphis glycines, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, host plant resistance, Rag genes, rotation resistance RightsThis article is the copyright property of the Entomological Society of America and may not be used for any commercial or other private purpose without specific written permission of the Entomological Society of America.This article is available at Iowa State University Digital Repository: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ent_pubs/184BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Effect of Soybean Varieties on Survival and Fecundity of Western Corn RootwormAuthor (s)

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“…Furthermore, in some cases 27% of the variation in root injury to Þrst-year corn can be explained by the abundance of D. v. virgifera in soybean Þelds (OÕNeal et al 2001). It is important to note that this adaption does not translate to an attraction to soybeans , Hibbard et al 2002 nor are rotation-resistant D. v. virgifera able to gain more sustenance from soybeans than rotation-susceptible individuals (Mabry and Spencer 2003, Mabry et al 2004, Dunbar and Gassmann 2012 (Onstad et al 1999.…”

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Abundance and Distribution of Western and Northern Corn Rootworm (<I>Diabrotica</I> spp.) and Prevalence of Rotation Resistance in Eastern Iowa

Dunbar

Gassmann

2013

jnl. econ. entom.

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The western corn rootworm Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and the northern corn rootworm Diabrotica barberi Smith & Lawrence (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) are major pests of corn (Zea mays L.). Historically, crop rotation has been an effective management strategy, but both species have adapted to crop rotation in the Midwest. For both species in eastern Iowa, we measured abundance and prevalence of rotation resistance using sticky traps and emergence cages in fields of corn and soybean (Glycine max L.). Based on currently available data, we calculated the economic thresholds for these pests at two Diabrotica spp. per trap per day in cornfields and 1.5 D. v. virgifera per trap per day in soybean fields. The economic injury level of rotation-resistant D. barberi was determined to be 3.5 adult insects per emergence cage per year. Peak abundance of rootworm adults in cornfields was below economic thresholds in the majority of fields sampled, suggesting that management of rootworm larvae in continuous cornfields may not always be necessary. Rotation-resistant D. barberi was found throughout eastern Iowa using emergence cages in first-year cornfields, however, the abundance was below levels expected to impose economic injury in 14 of 17 fields evaluated. The presence of rotation-resistant D. v. virgifera, as measured by the occurrence of this insect in soybean fields, occurred only in northeastern Iowa and was also below the economic threshold. These data suggests that crop rotation remains a viable pest management strategy in eastern Iowa.

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Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Behavior Is Affected by Alternating Diets of Corn and Soybean

Cited by 41 publications

References 20 publications

Effects of elevated CO2 and O3 on leaf damage and insect abundance in a soybean agroecosystem

Effects of elevated CO2 and O3 on leaf damage and insect abundance in a soybean agroecosystem

Effect of Soybean Varieties on Survival and Fecundity of Western Corn Rootworm

Abundance and Distribution of Western and Northern Corn Rootworm (<I>Diabrotica</I> spp.) and Prevalence of Rotation Resistance in Eastern Iowa

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