West Nile Virus Viremia in Wild Rock Pigeons

Allison, Andrew B.; Mead, Daniel G.; Gibbs, Samantha E. J.; Hoffman, Douglas M.; Stallknecht, David E.

doi:10.3201/eid1012.040511

Cited by 40 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…7 In addition, both passive dead bird surveillance as well as active live bird surveillance have also indicated consistent yearly WNV infection among avian hosts in Atlanta at levels consistent with rates found in other urban centers such as Chicago. [7][8][9][10][11] However, a total of only 330 human cases have been reported in Georgia since 2001 (incidence of 3.3 per 100,000), in contrast to the 2,088 human cases from Illinois since 2002 (incidence of 16.2 per 100,000). 2 With trends in the enzootic infection levels among hosts and vectors in Atlanta similar to those seen in cities with five times the human incidence, the reason for the lack of human WNV spillover in Atlanta and the southeastern region in general has remained unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…WNV was confirmed in these samples by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR), using degenerate WNV-specific primers amplifying a 376-base fragment spanning the nucleocapsid and premembrane genes, as described in Allison and others. 8 Mosquito blood-meal analysis. Bloodfed mosquitoes were analyzed to determine the vertebrate species identity of the mosquito's blood meal.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Supersuppression: Reservoir Competency and Timing of Mosquito Host Shifts Combine to Reduce Spillover of West Nile Virus

Levine

Mead

Hamer

et al. 2016

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. In the eastern United States, human cases of West Nile virus (WNV) result from spillover from urban epizootic transmission between passerine birds and Culex mosquitoes. In Atlanta, GA, substantial WNV presence in hosts and vectors has not resulted in the human disease burden observed in cities with similar infection pressure. Our study goal was to investigate extrinsic ecological conditions that potentially contribute to these reduced transmission rates. We conducted WNV surveillance among hosts and vectors in urban Atlanta and recorded an overall avian seroprevalence of nearly 30%, which was significantly higher among northern cardinals, blue jays, and members of the mimid family, and notably low among American robins. Examination of temporal Culex feeding patterns showed a marked feeding shift from American robins in the early season to northern cardinals in the late season. We therefore rule out American robins as superspreaders in the Atlanta area and suggest instead that northern cardinals and mimids act as WNV "supersuppressor" species, which slow WNV transmission by drawing many infectious bites during the critical virus amplification period, yet failing to amplify transmission due to low host competencies. Of particular interest, urban forest patches provide spillover protection by increasing the WNV amplification fraction on supersuppressor species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supersuppression: Reservoir Competency and Timing of Mosquito Host Shifts Combine to Reduce Spillover of West Nile Virus

Levine

Mead

Hamer

et al. 2016

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

Self Cite

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“…4 Previous research has shown that virus levels are not amplified to the same degree in all bird species, and mosquito species can vary greatly in their competence as efficient vectors. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] In the eastern United States, two closely related mosquito species, Culex pipiens and Culex restuans, have been implicated as being among the most important WNV vectors. Both species have adapted well to urban areas and are strongly ornithophilic (bird loving) in their feeding preferences.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Surveillance of Above- and Below-Ground Mosquito Breeding Habitats in a Rural Midwestern Community: Baseline Data for Larvicidal Control Measures Against West Nile Virus Vectors

Kronenwetter-Koepel

Meece²,

Miller³

et al. 2005

Clinical Medicine & Research

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“…Son estos vertebrados los hospedadores definitivos y amplificadores primarios del virus así como los principales diseminadores (Malkinson & Banet, 2002), reintroduciendo ocasionalmente el virus en las zonas templadas cuando regresan de sus áreas de invernada en las que éste es endémico (Nasci et al 2001), aunque también se ha aislado el virus en aves residentes y sinantrópicas como Columbiformes (Allison et al 2004). Muchas especies de aves migran para aprovecharse de las diferencias estacionales de temperatura en el mundo, con lo que optimizan la disponibilidad de fuentes de alimento y de hábitats reproductivos; no obstante el proceso acarrea una serie de riesgos tales como la predación, el parasitismo y hasta la muerte (Lotta-Aré-valo, 2010).…”

Section: Resultados Y Discusiónunclassified

Asociación de vector del VNO e hidrófito invasor: Culex pipiens Linnaeus, 1758 y Ludwigia grandiflora (Michaux) Greuter and Burdet en el marjal de Xeraco-Xeresa, Valencia

Alarcón-Elbal¹,

Murillo²,

Estrella³

et al. 2013

analesbio

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Se reporta la estrecha relación entre uno de los principales vectores del virus del Nilo Occidental (VNO), Culex pipiens (Diptera, Culicidae), y la planta invasora acuática Ludwigia grandiflora (Spermatophyta, Onagraceae) en el marjal de Xeraco-Xeresa, un humedal al sur de la provincia de Valencia. Los hidrófitos alóctonos desempeñan en ocasiones un papel primordial en la proliferación descontrolada de poblaciones de mosquitos y, en consecuencia, también en la transmisión y propagación de muchas enfermedades emergentes y reemergentes transmitidas por estos dípteros. Teniendo en cuenta la situación geográfica de este humedal y los diferentes factores climáticos y biológicos, la aparición de una epidemia del VNO con incidencia humana es un hecho más que probable en esta vertiente mediterránea del país.Palabras clave: Culicidae, Plantas invasoras acuáticas, Virus del Nilo Occidental (VNO), Enfermedades transmitidas por artrópodos, Valencia, España. Abstract Linkage between WNV vector and invasive alien hydrophyte: Culex pipiens Linnaeus, 1758 and Ludwigia grandiflora (Michaux) Greuter & Burdet on Xeraco-Xeresa marsh, ValenciaThe close relationship between one of the main vectors of West Nile virus (WNV), Culex pipiens (Diptera, Culicidae), and invasive aquatic plant Ludwigia grandiflora (Spermatophyta, Onagraceae) is reported on Xeraco-Xeresa marsh, a wetland in the south of the province of Valencia. Allochthonous hydrophytes sometimes play a major role in the uncontrolled proliferation of culicid populations and, consequently, also in the transmission and spread of many emerging and re-emerging mosquito-borne diseases. Considering the location of the wetland and the different climatic and biological factors, the emergence of West Nile virus infection outbreak in humans is a fairly likely at this Mediterranean side of the country.

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West Nile Virus Viremia in Wild Rock Pigeons

Cited by 40 publications

References 13 publications

Supersuppression: Reservoir Competency and Timing of Mosquito Host Shifts Combine to Reduce Spillover of West Nile Virus

Supersuppression: Reservoir Competency and Timing of Mosquito Host Shifts Combine to Reduce Spillover of West Nile Virus

Surveillance of Above- and Below-Ground Mosquito Breeding Habitats in a Rural Midwestern Community: Baseline Data for Larvicidal Control Measures Against West Nile Virus Vectors

Asociación de vector del VNO e hidrófito invasor: Culex pipiens Linnaeus, 1758 y Ludwigia grandiflora (Michaux) Greuter and Burdet en el marjal de Xeraco-Xeresa, Valencia

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