West Nile Virus Seroconversion in Penguins After Vaccination with a Killed Virus Vaccine or a DNA Vaccine

Davis, Michelle; Langan, Jennifer N.; Johnson, Yvette J.; Ritchie, Branson W.; Bonn, William Van

doi:10.1638/2008-0029.1

Cited by 18 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Subunit vaccines, inactivated vaccines and DNA vaccines against WNV infections were used with variable success in birds. Vaccine efficacy in these studies was determined by experimental WNV challenge of the birds [13-21] or by determination of neutralizing antibody response [22-24]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limited efficacy of West Nile virus vaccines in large falcons (Falco spp.)

Angenvoort

Fischer

Fast

et al. 2014

Vet Res

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West Nile virus (WNV) can lead to fatal diseases in raptor species. Unfortunately, there is no vaccine which has been designed specifically for use in breeding stocks of falcons. Therefore the immunogenicity and protective capacity of two commercially available WNV vaccines, both approved for use in horses, were evaluated in large falcons. One vaccine contained adjuvanted inactivated WNV lineage 1 immunogens, while the second represented a canarypox recombinant live virus vector vaccine. The efficacy of different vaccination regimes for these two vaccines was assessed serologically and by challenging the falcons with a WNV strain of homologous lineage 1. Our studies show that the recombinant vaccine conveys a slightly better protection than the inactivated vaccine, but moderate (recombinant vaccine) or weak (inactivated vaccine) side effects were observed at the injection sites. Using the recommended 2-dose regimen, both vaccines elicited only sub-optimal antibody responses and gave only partial protection following WNV challenge. Better results were obtained for both vaccines after a third dose, i.e. alleviation of clinical signs, absence of fatalities and reduction of virus shedding and viraemia. Therefore the consequences of WNV infections in falcons can be clearly alleviated by vaccination, especially if the amended triple administration scheme is used, although side effects at the vaccination site must be accepted.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limited efficacy of West Nile virus vaccines in large falcons (Falco spp.)

Angenvoort

Fischer

Fast

et al. 2014

Vet Res

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“…Furthermore, more challenge studies are needed to assess adequately the protective effects of available and experimental vaccines, including over the long term. Immunization has been attempted thus far in a diverse array of avian species, from Red‐tailed hawks to Rockhopper penguins Eudyptes chrysocome , Chilean flamingos and Western scrub‐jays, and results suggest that responses are in part taxon‐specific, along with individual variation (Nusbaum et al ., ; Okeson et al ., ; Davis et al ., ; Redig et al ., ; Wheeler et al ., ).…”

Section: Management Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The remaining population of Critically Endangered California condors Gymnogyps californianus (IUCN, ), which are susceptible to WNV‐associated mortality (Pollock, ; Rideout et al ., ), was vaccinated with this DNA vaccine, leading to 90% seroconversion (Chang et al ., ). DNA‐plasmid vaccinated Red‐tailed hawks, Fish crows, American robins, Western scrub jays and several penguin species had variable seroconversion rates (0–88%); some individuals experienced reduced viremia titres but antibody duration was often relatively short‐lived (Turell et al ., ; Davis et al ., ; Kilpatrick et al ., ; Redig et al ., ; Wheeler et al ., ). Greater sage‐grouse vaccinated with an experimental DNA vaccine lived longer after WNV infection than non‐vaccinated grouse; however, WNV challenge was lethal in most vaccinated and all non‐vaccinated birds (Clark et al ., ).…”

Section: Management Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

West Nile virus from an avian conservation perspective

Nemeth

Oesterle

2013

International Zoo Yearbook

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West Nile virus (WNV) is a widespread and ecologically adaptable virus for which birds are major amplifying hosts. Its unexpected arrival to North America in 1999 gained worldwide attention, in part because of the resulting mortality in birds. The virus is now endemic in North America, and sporadic outbreaks continue in Africa, the Middle East, as well as Europe and Russia. Avian taxa vary in their susceptibility to WNV‐associated disease, with North American corvids being the most severely affected. Recent North American and European WNV strains have experimentally induced morbidity and mortality in birds; however, avian deaths have not been a prominent feature of WNV epidemiology outside of the United States and Canada. Bird species experiencing population declines include the Yellow‐billed magpie Pica nuttalli, American crow Corvus brachyrhynchos and Blue jay Cyanocitta cristata. The American robin Turdus migratorius is noteworthy for its important role in transmission. Methods to reduce WNV transmission range from screened enclosures to aerial pesticide spraying. In addition, numerous vaccines have been administered to birds with unreliable but occasionally encouraging results. Avian conservation efforts will continue to be challenged with controlling WNV spread and transmission owing to the wide geographic range of the virus, diversity and abundance of mosquito vectors and global climatic trends.

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“…This exciting technology has some important implications especially in the development of DENV vaccines as it could provide concurrent protection against all DENV serotypes thereby limiting the adverse effects of ADE which current vaccines have been unable to circumvent. This novel approach is being applied to develop new flavivirus vaccines that target the surface exposed E and prM and NS1 proteins which were previously shown to be highly immunogenic and elicit a favorable immune response (Ahsan and Gore, 2011; Azevedo et al , 2013; Costa et al , 2007; Costa et al , 2006a; Costa et al , 2006b; Davis et al , 2008b; Kulkarni et al , 2012; Lu et al , 2013; Schneeweiss et al , 2011). A DNA vaccine targeting DENV (designated D1ME100) and WNV previously entered in phase 1 of clinical trials produced favorable results (Beckett et al , 2011).…”

Section: Therapeutic Approaches To Flaviviral Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flaviviruses, an expanding threat in public health: focus on dengue, West Nile, and Japanese encephalitis virus

2014

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The flaviviruses Dengue, West Nile, and Japanese encephalitis represent three major mosquito-borne viruses worldwide. These pathogens impact the lives of millions of individuals and potentially could affect non-endemic areas already colonized by mosquito vectors. Unintentional transport of infected vectors (Aedes and Culex sp), traveling within endemic areas, rapid adaptation of the insects into new geographic locations, climate change, and lack of medical surveillance have greatly contributed to the increase in flaviviral infections worldwide. The mechanisms by which flaviviruses alter the immune and the central nervous system have only recently been examined despite the alarming number of infections, related deaths, and increasing global distribution. In this review, we will discuss the expansion of the geographic areas affected by flaviviruses, the potential threats to previously unaffected countries, the mechanisms of pathogenesis, and the potential therapeutic interventions to limit the devastating consequences of these viruses.

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West Nile Virus Seroconversion in Penguins After Vaccination with a Killed Virus Vaccine or a DNA Vaccine

Cited by 18 publications

References 31 publications

Limited efficacy of West Nile virus vaccines in large falcons (Falco spp.)

Limited efficacy of West Nile virus vaccines in large falcons (Falco spp.)

West Nile virus from an avian conservation perspective

Flaviviruses, an expanding threat in public health: focus on dengue, West Nile, and Japanese encephalitis virus

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