West Nile virus neuroinvasion and encephalitis induced by macrophage depletion in mice

“…WNV infection has been studied in several animal models, including chickens, geese, rat, mice, hamsters, and monkeys (4,9,17,31,41,48). However, the pathophysiology of invasiveness of WNV into the CNS, the mechanism of neurodegeneration, and the immune response after infection are still poorly understood.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

CD8⁺T Cells Mediate Recovery andImmunopathology in West Nile VirusEncephalitis

Wang

Lobigs

Lee

et al. 2003

J Virol

255

204

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“…The authors found that delaying migration of these cells using anti-CCL2 neutralizing antibody prolonged survival, suggesting a CCR2-dependent mechanism and a pathogenic role of monocytes recruited to the CNS. In contrast, WNV challenge by intraperitoneal inoculation has been reported to result in increased mortality when monocytes are depleted in vivo using clodronate-loaded liposomes, supporting a protective role for these cells [58].…”

Section: Ccr2mentioning

confidence: 96%

The role of chemokines in the pathogenesis of neurotropic flaviviruses

Bardina

Lim

2012

Immunol Res

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Neurotropic flaviviruses are important emerging and reemerging arthropod-borne pathogens that cause significant morbidity and mortality in humans and other vertebrates worldwide. Upon entry and infection of the CNS, these viruses can induce a rapid inflammatory response characterized by the infiltration of leukocytes into the brain parenchyma. Chemokines and their receptors are involved in coordinating complex leukocyte trafficking patterns that regulate viral pathogenesis in vivo. In this review, we will summarize the current literature on the role of chemokines in regulating the pathogenesis of West Nile, Japanese encephalitis, and tick-borne encephalitis virus infections in mouse models and humans. Understanding how viral infections trigger chemokines, the key cellular events that occur during the infection process, as well as the immunopathogenic role of these cells, are critical areas of research that may ultimately guide a much needed effort toward developing specific immunomodulators and/or antiviral therapeutics.

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“…The specific cellular targets in these tissues are not well identified, but likely targets are subsets of DCs, macrophages, and neutrophils [108][109][110]. The level of viremia has been shown to correlate with the viral dissemination to the CNS [111].…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Peripheral Infection Pathogenesis and Host Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Encephalitic Arboviruses: Emergence, Clinical Presentation, and Neuropathogenesis

2016

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Arboviruses are arthropod-borne viruses that exhibit worldwide distribution, contributing to systemic and neurologic infections in a variety of geographical locations. Arboviruses are transmitted to vertebral hosts during blood feedings by mosquitoes, ticks, biting flies, mites, and nits. While the majority of arboviral infections do not lead to neuroinvasive forms of disease, they are among the most severe infectious risks to the health of the human central nervous system. The neurologic diseases caused by arboviruses include meningitis, encephalitis, myelitis, encephalomyelitis, neuritis, and myositis in which virus-and immune-mediated injury may lead to severe, persisting neurologic deficits or death. Here we will review the major families of emerging arboviruses that cause neurologic infections, their neuropathogenesis and host neuroimmunologic responses, and current strategies for treatment and prevention of neurologic infections they cause.

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West Nile virus neuroinvasion and encephalitis induced by macrophage depletion in mice

Cited by 136 publications

References 21 publications

CD8⁺T Cells Mediate Recovery andImmunopathology in West Nile VirusEncephalitis

CD8⁺T Cells Mediate Recovery andImmunopathology in West Nile VirusEncephalitis

The role of chemokines in the pathogenesis of neurotropic flaviviruses

Encephalitic Arboviruses: Emergence, Clinical Presentation, and Neuropathogenesis

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West Nile virus neuroinvasion and encephalitis induced by macrophage depletion in mice

Cited by 136 publications

References 21 publications

CD8+T Cells Mediate Recovery andImmunopathology in West Nile VirusEncephalitis

CD8+T Cells Mediate Recovery andImmunopathology in West Nile VirusEncephalitis

The role of chemokines in the pathogenesis of neurotropic flaviviruses

Encephalitic Arboviruses: Emergence, Clinical Presentation, and Neuropathogenesis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

CD8⁺T Cells Mediate Recovery andImmunopathology in West Nile VirusEncephalitis

CD8⁺T Cells Mediate Recovery andImmunopathology in West Nile VirusEncephalitis