West Nile virus lineage 2 isolated from Culex modestus mosquitoes in the Czech Republic, 2013: expansion of the European WNV endemic area to the North?

Rudolf, Ivo; Bakonyi, Tamás; Šebesta, Oldřich; Mendel, Jan; Peško, Juraj; Betášová, Lenka; Blažejová, Hana; Venclíková, Kristýna; Straková, Petra; Nowotny, Norbert; Hubálek, Zdeněk

doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es2014.19.31.20867

Cited by 52 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Our results support suggestions of northward spreading of WNV lineage 2 [12]. Lineage 2 sequences from Slovakia were grouped into several clusters.…”

Section: Electronic Supplementary Materialssupporting

confidence: 77%

Detection of West Nile virus and tick-borne encephalitis virus in birds in Slovakia, using a universal primer set

et al. 2016

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West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne neurotropic pathogen that presents a major public health concern. Information on WNV prevalence and circulation in Slovakia is insufficient. Oral and cloacal swabs and bird brain samples were tested for flavivirus RNA by RT-PCR using newly designed generic primers. The species designation was confirmed by sequencing. WNV was detected in swab and brain samples, whereas one brain sample was positive for tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). The WNV sequences clustered with lineages 1 and 2. These results confirm the circulation of WNV in birds in Slovakia and emphasize the risk of infection of humans and horses.

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“…Our results support suggestions of northward spreading of WNV lineage 2 [12]. Lineage 2 sequences from Slovakia were grouped into several clusters.…”

Section: Electronic Supplementary Materialssupporting

confidence: 77%

Detection of West Nile virus and tick-borne encephalitis virus in birds in Slovakia, using a universal primer set

et al. 2016

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“…RNA was extracted from the brain homogenates using QIAamp viral RNA kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) and tested by conventional reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) by using the protocol designed for amplification of partial NS5 segment of flaviviruses (Scaramozzino et al, ), and simultaneously with primers designed specifically for WNV‐2 partial polyprotein sequence (Rudolf et al, ). In parallel, specific primers for Usutu virus (Bakonyi et al, ) were used.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In central Europe, a highly neurotropic WNV lineage 2 (WNV‐2) emerged in Hungary (Bakonyi et al, ) then it spread to neighbouring eastern Austria (Wodak et al, ), south‐eastern Czech Republic (Rudolf et al, ) and west Slovakia (Csank et al, ). Several European species of birds of prey were previously found to be susceptible to WNV disease: golden eagle Aquila chrysaetos (Jimenez‐Clavero et al, ), Spanish imperial eagle Aquila adalberti (Höfle et al, ), goshawk Accipiter gentilis and sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus (Busquets et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

West Nile virus outbreak in captive and wild raptors, Czech Republic, 2018

Hubálek

Tomešek

Kosina

et al. 2019

Zoonoses and Public Health

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West Nile virus lineage 2 (WNV‐2) was detected in the brain of 17 goshawks (Accipiter gentilis) that succumbed to neuroinvasive disease in the Czech Republic during 2018: twelve birds were captive and five wild. Furthermore, two wild sparrowhawks (Accipiter nisus) and three other captive birds of prey (golden eagle Aquila chrysaetos, hybrid saker falcon Falco cherrug × F. rusticolus and Harris's hawk Parabuteo unicinctus) also died due to WNV encephalitis. The 2018 outbreak in Czech raptors clearly reflects a new epidemiological situation and indicates an increasing risk of both raptor and human infection with WNV‐2 in the country.

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“…WNV was introduced in eastern Austria in 2008 [10] causing mortality in birds. Since then, WNV has been repeatedly found in mosquito pools and birds in Vienna [9], Lower Austria [10] and in regions bordering the Czech Republic [11]. …”

Section: Epidemiological Situation In Austria France Greece Italy mentioning

confidence: 99%

West Nile virus surveillance in Europe: moving towards an integrated animal-human-vector approach

et al. 2017

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This article uses the experience of five European countries to review the integrated approaches (human, animal and vector) for surveillance and monitoring of West Nile virus (WNV) at national and European levels. The epidemiological situation of West Nile fever in Europe is heterogeneous. No model of surveillance and monitoring fits all, hence this article merely encourages countries to implement the integrated approach that meets their needs. Integration of surveillance and monitoring activities conducted by the public health authorities, the animal health authorities and the authorities in charge of vector surveillance and control should improve efficiency and save resources by implementing targeted measures. The creation of a formal interagency working group is identified as a crucial step towards integration. Blood safety is a key incentive for public health authorities to allocate sufficient resources for WNV surveillance, while the facts that an effective vaccine is available for horses and that most infected animals remain asymptomatic make the disease a lesser priority for animal health authorities. The examples described here can support other European countries wishing to strengthen their WNV surveillance or preparedness, and also serve as a model for surveillance and monitoring of other (vector-borne) zoonotic infections.

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West Nile virus lineage 2 isolated from Culex modestus mosquitoes in the Czech Republic, 2013: expansion of the European WNV endemic area to the North?

Cited by 52 publications

References 47 publications

Detection of West Nile virus and tick-borne encephalitis virus in birds in Slovakia, using a universal primer set

Detection of West Nile virus and tick-borne encephalitis virus in birds in Slovakia, using a universal primer set

West Nile virus outbreak in captive and wild raptors, Czech Republic, 2018

West Nile virus surveillance in Europe: moving towards an integrated animal-human-vector approach

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