West Nile virus infection in horses, Indian ocean

Cardinale, Éric; Bernard, C.; Lecollinet, Sylvie; Rakotoharinome, Vincent Michel; Ravaomanana, Julie; Roger, Matthieu; Olive, Marie-Marie; Meenowa, Deodass; Jaumally, Mahmad Reshad; Melanie, Jimmie; Héraud, Jean Michel; Zientara, Stéphan; Cêtre-Sossah, Catherine

doi:10.1016/j.cimid.2017.06.006

Cited by 15 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…To our knowledge, this survey constitutes the first evidence of WNV and USUV circulation in the IND, Mali, and in the Lake Alaotra region, Madagascar-and the first estimation of WNV and USUV seroprevalence in domestic and/or wild birds in these regions. Several studies have already highlighted that WNV was endemic in Madagascar [53], with an antibody prevalence of 46.2% ([37.4-55.2%] 95%CI ) in horses sampled in 2010 in the Highlands [54], and of around 20% in the human population, mainly sampled in and around Antananarivo, the capital city of Madagascar [55]. Our results clearly show that WNV is circulating in the Lake Alaotra region.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Serological Evidence of West Nile and Usutu Viruses Circulation in Domestic and Wild Birds in Wetlands of Mali and Madagascar in 2008

Chevalier

Marsot

Molia

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The geographical distribution and impact on animal and human health of both West Nile and Usutu viruses, two flaviviruses of the Japanese encephalitis complex, have been increasing during the past two decades. Both viruses circulate in Europe and Africa within a natural cycle between wild birds and mosquitoes, mainly from the Culex genus. We retrospectively analyzed sera from domestic and wild birds sampled in 2008 in two wetlands, namely the Inner Niger Delta, Mali, and the Lake Alaotra area, Madagascar. Sera were first tested using a commercial ID Screen West Nile Competition Multi-species ELISA kit. Then, positive sera and sera with insufficient volume for testing with ELISA were tested with a Microneutralization Test. In Mali, the observed seroprevalence in domestic birds was 28.5% [24.5; 32.8] 95%CI, 3.1 % [1.8; 5.2] 95%CI, 6.2% [3.4; 10.2] 95%CI and 9.8 % [7.3; 12.8] 95%CI, for West Nile virus (WNV), Usutu virus (USUV), undetermined flavivirus, and WNV/USUV respectively. Regarding domestic birds of Madagascar, the observed seroprevalence was 4.4 % [2.1; 7.9]95%CI for WNV, 0.9% [0.1; 3.1] 95%CI for USUV, 1.3% [0.5; 2.8] 95%CI for undetermined flavivirus, and null for WNV/USUV. Among the 150 wild birds sampled in Madagascar, two fulvous whistling-ducks (Dendrocygna bicolor) were positive for WNV and two for an undetermined flavivirus. One white-faced whistling-duck (Dendrocygna viduata) and one Hottentot teal (Spatula hottentota) were tested positive for USUV. African and European wetlands are linked by wild bird migrations. This first detection of USUV—as well as the confirmed circulation of WNV in domestic birds of two wetlands of Mali and Madagascar—emphasizes the need to improve the surveillance, knowledge of epidemiological patterns, and phylogenetic characteristics of flavivirus in Africa, particularly in areas prone to sustained, intense flavivirus transmission such as wetlands.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Serological Evidence of West Nile and Usutu Viruses Circulation in Domestic and Wild Birds in Wetlands of Mali and Madagascar in 2008

Chevalier

Marsot

Molia

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…Cardinale et al. (2017) found that the older horses (between 11 and 15 years old) had the higher percentage of WNV antibodies, and Hassine et al. (2014) also observed that risk of WNV infection increased with the age of animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological evidence of co‐circulation of West Nile and Usutu viruses in equids from western Spain

Guerrero-Carvajal

Bravo‐Barriga

Martín‐Cuervo

et al. 2020

Transbound Emerg Dis

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“…Initially, the virus was considered of less human importance as it only caused mild, subclinical infections [ 7 ]. However, the virus has been responsible for many cases of morbidity and mortalities in different animal species, including birds [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ], horses [ 6 , 18 , 19 ], sheep [ 20 ], reptiles [ 21 , 22 , 23 ], cats [ 24 ], and rodents [ 6 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]. Over the last two decades, there have been notable increases in human and equine cases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

West Nile Virus: An Update on Pathobiology, Epidemiology, Diagnostics, Control and “One Health” Implications

et al. 2020

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West Nile virus (WNV) is an important zoonotic flavivirus responsible for mild fever to severe, lethal neuroinvasive disease in humans, horses, birds, and other wildlife species. Since its discovery, WNV has caused multiple human and animal disease outbreaks in all continents, except Antarctica. Infections are associated with economic losses, mainly due to the cost of treatment of infected patients, control programmes, and loss of animals and animal products. The pathogenesis of WNV has been extensively investigated in natural hosts as well as in several animal models, including rodents, lagomorphs, birds, and reptiles. However, most of the proposed pathogenesis hypotheses remain contentious, and much remains to be elucidated. At the same time, the unavailability of specific antiviral treatment or effective and safe vaccines contribute to the perpetuation of the disease and regular occurrence of outbreaks in both endemic and non-endemic areas. Moreover, globalisation and climate change are also important drivers of the emergence and re-emergence of the virus and disease. Here, we give an update of the pathobiology, epidemiology, diagnostics, control, and “One Health” implications of WNV infection and disease.

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West Nile virus infection in horses, Indian ocean

Cited by 15 publications

References 35 publications

Serological Evidence of West Nile and Usutu Viruses Circulation in Domestic and Wild Birds in Wetlands of Mali and Madagascar in 2008

Serological Evidence of West Nile and Usutu Viruses Circulation in Domestic and Wild Birds in Wetlands of Mali and Madagascar in 2008

Serological evidence of co‐circulation of West Nile and Usutu viruses in equids from western Spain

West Nile Virus: An Update on Pathobiology, Epidemiology, Diagnostics, Control and “One Health” Implications

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