West Nile Virus Infection in Mosquitoes, Birds, Horses, and Humans, Staten Island, New York, 2000

Kulasekera, Varuni L.; Kramer, Laura D.; Nasci, Roger S.; Mostashari, Farzad; Cherry, Bryan; Trock, Susan C.; Glaser, Carla; Miller, James R.

doi:10.3201/eid0704.010421

Cited by 123 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Connecticut would thus appear to be at the northern overwintering limit for Ae. albopictus as nuisance populations have been recognized in all the major boroughs of neighboring New York City (Kulasekera et al 2001) where average daily temperatures in January are just above 0uC (0.14uC).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…albopictus has invaded much of New Jersey, portions of southern Pennsylvania, and the New York City metropolitan area ( Fig. 1) (Kulasekera et al 2001, CDC 2008. However, although a few individuals have been occasionally collected in surveillance activities in the neighboring New England states and reported to CDC through the ArboNet surveillance system (Andreadis et al 2005, Moore 2008, no established infestations have been identified in this region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Failure of Aedes albopictus to Overwinter Following Introduction and Seasonal Establishment at a Tire Recycling Plant in the Northeastern USA

Andreadis

2009

Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association

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In July 2006, an introduction of the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, was documented for the first time at a commercial tire recycling plant in northeastern Connecticut, USA. The introduction likely occurred via transport of infested tires originating from northern New Jersey or metropolitan New York City. Efforts were made to determine seasonal establishment and overwintering success by assessing adult biting and oviposition activity in the surrounding woodlands. The first adult female was collected in a CO2-baited Mosquito Magnet Liberty trap within the confines of the tire plant during the week of July 28. Additional females were collected intermittently thereafter through October 16. Host-seeking female Ae. albopictus attempting to alight on human subjects and larvae hatching from eggs collected in ovitraps placed in the woodlands surrounding the tire plant were detected weekly from August 21 through October 2, denoting seasonal establishment in the adjoining woodlands. However, no larvae of Ae. albopictus were recovered from eggs collected in ovitraps that were placed in the surrounding woodlands or in traps placed 1.0-1.6 km away, nor were any host-seeking females detected by human subjects the following season (July to October 2007), indicating that the species did not survive winter conditions to enable successful colonization. The failure of Ae. albopictus to overwinter and establish itself in the forested woodlands following several weeks of seasonal breeding and oviposition during the summer and early fall were most likely due to winter egg mortality, interspecific competition from Aedes triseriatus and Aedes japonicus, and/or other ecological barriers. Permanent establishment of Ae. albopictus in New England is unlikely despite the recurring importation of infested used tires into recycling facilities. However, continued monitoring of such facilities for potential reinvasion is warranted especially in urban/suburban environs where global warming and milder winter temperatures may provide more suitable conditions in the future for colonization.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Failure of Aedes albopictus to Overwinter Following Introduction and Seasonal Establishment at a Tire Recycling Plant in the Northeastern USA

Andreadis

2009

Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association

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“…These "bridge vectors" pose a more serious risk to human and other mammals. 12 The third category of feeding preferences is known as mammalophilic (mammal loving). Examples of this type of mosquito are Ochlerotatus canadensis, Ochlerotatus triseriatus, and Ochlerotatus trivittatus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Examples of this type of mosquito are Ochlerotatus canadensis, Ochlerotatus triseriatus, and Ochlerotatus trivittatus. 12 The CDC has published guidelines for monitoring WNV and other arboviruses in the U.S. The goal of these comprehensive surveillance programs is to identify WNV activity in birds, mosquitoes and horses as sentinels for potential outbreaks in humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mosquito Surveillance for West Nile Virus in Southeastern Wisconsin - 2002

Henkel¹,

Glaser²,

Reed³

2003

Clinical Medicine & Research

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In 2001, West Nile virus (WNV) was identified among dead American crows and bluejays in five counties in southeastern Wisconsin. In response to the introduction of WNV, a pilot mosquito surveillance program was initiated in these five southeastern Wisconsin counties during the summer of 2002. Forty sites were selected for surveillance one night each week during a 17-week period. Mosquitoes were collected in carbon dioxide-baited light traps and gravid traps. During the study period 31,419 mosquitoes were collected, identified to species level and pooled into groups of up to 50 mosquitoes of like species from each collection site. Twenty-five different mosquito species were identified with the common pest mosquitoes, Aedes vexans and Ochlerotatus trivittatus, being the most abundant. Seventeen of the 25 mosquito species found in southeastern Wisconsin have previously been shown to be carriers of WNV in other parts of the U.S. Only 2/1,592 (0.126%) mosquito pools from Wisconsin were positive for WNV by cell culture and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Active mosquito surveillance is useful for identifying potential mosquito vectors of arboviruses in defined geographic areas, and to monitor population densities of those vectors. This information coupled with infection rate data can help guide public health policies related to vector control, and may help reduce the impact on human, veterinary and bird mortality.

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Disseminated Infection With

2002

JAMA

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PERSONS WITH ADVANCED HUMAN IMMUnodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection are susceptible to disseminated mycobacterial infections. In the United States, most such infections are caused by Mycobacterium avium or M. intracellulare (i.e., M. avium complex [MAC]). In less developed countries, M. tuberculosis is equally or more prevalent than MAC in persons with HIV-1 infection. 1 Other mycobacterial species have been reported to cause disseminated infection in HIVinfected persons, including Simiae-Avium (SAV) group mycobacteria. SAV group organisms share characteristics of M. avium and M. simiae. 2 Although disseminated (i.e., the isolation of a mycobacterial species from the blood) infection with M. simiae has been reported in HIV-infected persons, 3-6 another distinct species within the SAV group, M. triplex, was characterized in 1996. 7 Two cases of disseminated infection caused by M. triplex have been reported in HIV-1-positive persons. 8,9 This report describes four HIV-infected patients from Bangkok, Thailand, and Lilongwe, Malawi, who were infected with SAV group organisms. Because different mycobacterial species are not susceptible uniformly to antimycobacterial agents, accurate identification of mycobacterial species causing an infection is crucial for directing appropriate therapy. These infections were detected during prospective blood culture studies of febrile, adult inpatients in these two

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West Nile Virus Infection in Mosquitoes, Birds, Horses, and Humans, Staten Island, New York, 2000

Cited by 123 publications

References 10 publications

Failure of Aedes albopictus to Overwinter Following Introduction and Seasonal Establishment at a Tire Recycling Plant in the Northeastern USA

Failure of Aedes albopictus to Overwinter Following Introduction and Seasonal Establishment at a Tire Recycling Plant in the Northeastern USA

Mosquito Surveillance for West Nile Virus in Southeastern Wisconsin - 2002

Disseminated Infection With

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