West Nile virus infection

Jeha, Lara E.; Sila, Cathy A.; Lederman, Richard J.; Prayson, Richard A.; Isada, Carlos M.; Gordon, Steven M.

doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000073617.08185.0a

Cited by 231 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Microglia are poorly permissive to WNV in vitro but can produce robust amounts of chemokines in response to WNV with a similar profile of induction, including CXCL10, CCL2, and CCL5 [30]. In humans, histological examination of CNS tissues from autopsy samples shows primarily T cells in the brain parenchyma and a mixture of neutrophils and T cells in the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) [31][32][33][34][35]. In mice, WNVinfected CNS is comprised of cellular infiltrates composed of CD4?…”

Section: West Nile Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of chemokines in the pathogenesis of neurotropic flaviviruses

Bardina

Lim

2012

Immunol Res

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Neurotropic flaviviruses are important emerging and reemerging arthropod-borne pathogens that cause significant morbidity and mortality in humans and other vertebrates worldwide. Upon entry and infection of the CNS, these viruses can induce a rapid inflammatory response characterized by the infiltration of leukocytes into the brain parenchyma. Chemokines and their receptors are involved in coordinating complex leukocyte trafficking patterns that regulate viral pathogenesis in vivo. In this review, we will summarize the current literature on the role of chemokines in regulating the pathogenesis of West Nile, Japanese encephalitis, and tick-borne encephalitis virus infections in mouse models and humans. Understanding how viral infections trigger chemokines, the key cellular events that occur during the infection process, as well as the immunopathogenic role of these cells, are critical areas of research that may ultimately guide a much needed effort toward developing specific immunomodulators and/or antiviral therapeutics.

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Section: West Nile Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of chemokines in the pathogenesis of neurotropic flaviviruses

Bardina

Lim

2012

Immunol Res

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“…32 Recently reports have drawn attention to spinal complications of West Nile virus infection. 33 MRI changes include parenchymal spinal cord abnormalities and cauda equina enhancement. In early stages of HIV infection, a myelitis can occur that resembles autoimmune-mediated myelitis.…”

Section: Involvement Of the Spinal Cord And Meningesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroimaging of infections

2005

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Summary:Neuroimaging plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and therapeutic decision making in infectious diseases of the nervous system. The review summarizes imaging findings and recent advances in the diagnosis of pyogenic brain abscess, ventriculitis, viral disease including exotic and emergent viruses, and opportunistic disease. For each condition, the ensuing therapeutic steps are presented. In cases of uncomplicated meningitis, cranial computed tomography (CT) appears to be sufficient for clinical management to exclude acute brain edema, hydrocephalus, and pathology of the base of skull. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is superior in depicting complications like sub-/epidural empyema and vasculitic complications notably on FLAIR (fluid-attenuated inversion recovery)-weighted images. The newer technique of diffusionweighted imaging (DWI) shows early parenchymal complications of meningitis earlier and with more clarity and is of help in differentiation of pyogenic abscess (PA) from ring enhancing lesions of other etiology. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (PMRS) seems to produce specific peak patterns in cases of abscess. The presence of lactate cytosolic amino acids and absence of choline seems to indicate PA. Also in cases of suspected opportunistic infection due to toxoplasma DWI may be of help in the differentiation from lymphoma, showing no restriction of water diffusion. In patients with herpes simplex and more exotic viruses like West Nile and Murray Valley virus DWI allows earlier lesion detection and therapeutic intervention with virustatic drugs.

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“…1-3 West Nile virus meningitis and encephalitis are often associated with favorable outcomes, 2 but when infection results in spinal anterior horn cell destruction it can cause an irreversible acute flaccid paralysis or poliomyelitis-like syndrome. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Movement disorders including parkinsonism, tremor and myoclonus have also been described. 2,[12][13][14] We present the clinical and neuropathologic findings in a ABSTRACT: Background: Patients infected with West Nile virus (WNV) may develop acute neurologic disease, which can be severe or even fatal, including WNV meningitis, encephalitis, and an irreversible acute flaccid paralysis or poliomyelitis-like syndrome.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

West Nile Virus Encephalomyelitis with Polio-like Paralysis & Nigral Degeneration

Schafernak

Bigio

2006

Can. j. neurol. sci.

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West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne RNA virus in the genus Flavivirus (family Flaviviridae), and a member of the Japanese encephalitis serological group which comprises eight virus species including Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV), and two subtype viruses. 1 Although most cases of WNV infection are subclinical or result in a mild, self-limited febrile illness known as West Nile fever, a minority of patients (<1%) develop acute neurologic disease, which can be severe and even fatal. 1-3 West Nile virus meningitis and encephalitis are often associated with favorable outcomes, 2 but when infection results in spinal anterior horn cell destruction it can cause an irreversible acute flaccid paralysis or poliomyelitis-like syndrome. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Movement disorders including parkinsonism, tremor and myoclonus have also been described. 2,[12][13][14] We present the clinical and neuropathologic findings in a ABSTRACT: Background: Patients infected with West Nile virus (WNV) may develop acute neurologic disease, which can be severe or even fatal, including WNV meningitis, encephalitis, and an irreversible acute flaccid paralysis or poliomyelitis-like syndrome. Movement disorders have also been described. Report: We report combined neuronal loss, gliosis, and neurofibrillary tangle formation in the substantia nigra of a 41-year-old man with a history of WNV encephalomyelitis and poliomyelitis-like paralysis. Conclusions: Clinically our patient did not display parkinsonism, however, it is interesting to speculate whether, in the absence of the residual subacute poliomyelitis-like syndrome, the neuropathologic findings could have eventually evolved clinically into WNV-associated postencephalitic parkinsonism. RÉSUMÉ: Encéphalomyélite due au virus du

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West Nile virus infection

Cited by 231 publications

References 19 publications

The role of chemokines in the pathogenesis of neurotropic flaviviruses

The role of chemokines in the pathogenesis of neurotropic flaviviruses

Neuroimaging of infections

West Nile Virus Encephalomyelitis with Polio-like Paralysis & Nigral Degeneration

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