West Nile Virus Encephalitis: The First Human Case Recorded in Brazil

Vieira, Marcelo A C S; Romano, Alessandro; Borba, Amaríles S.; Silva, Eliana V. P.; Chiang, Jannifer Oliveira; Eulálio, Kelsen Dantas; Azevedo, Raimunda do Socorro da Silva; Rodrigues, Sueli G.; Almeida-Neto, Walfrido S.; Vasconcelos, Pedro F. C.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.15-0170

Cited by 64 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…mosquitoes also demonstrate ornithophilic behavior. Just recently, antibodies against West Nile virus (WNV) were detected in equines and in chickens in Brazil [51], with the first detection of this virus in humans occurring in 2014 [52]. Other human encephalitis viruses that have birds as reservoirs are transmitted in Brazil, such as the Rocio virus [53], the Mayaro virus [54], the Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) [17] and the Saint Louis encephalitis virus [53].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Searching for putative avian malaria vectors in a Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest in Brazil

et al. 2016

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BackgroundHaemosporidian parasites of the genera Plasmodium and Haemoproteus can have detrimental effects on individual birds and populations. Despite recent investigations into the distribution and richness of these parasites and their vertebrate hosts, little is known about their dipteran vectors. The Neotropics has the highest diversity of mosquitoes in the world, but few studies have tried to identify vectors in this area, hampering the understanding of the ecology of avian malaria in the highly diverse Neotropical environments.MethodsShannon traps and active collection were used to capture 27,110 mosquitoes in a Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest in southeastern Brazil, a highly endangered ecosystem.ResultsWe screened 17,619 mosquito abdomens from 12 different species and several unidentified specimens of Culex, grouped into 1,913 pools, for the presence of haemosporidians. Two pools (out of 459) of the mosquito Mansonia titillans and one pool (out of 29) of Mansonia pseudotitillans were positive for Plasmodium parasites, with the detection of a new parasite lineage in the former species. Detected Plasmodium lineages were distributed in three different clades within the phylogenetic tree revealing that Mansonia mosquitoes are potential vectors of genetically distant parasites. Two pools of Culex spp. (out of 43) were positive for Plasmodium gallinaceum and closely related lineages. We found a higher abundance of these putative vectors in pasture areas, but they were also distributed in areas at intermediate and late successional stages. One pool of the mosquito Psorophora discrucians (out of 173) was positive for Haemoproteus.ConclusionsThe occurrence of different Plasmodium lineages in Mansonia mosquitoes indicates that this genus encompasses potential vectors of avian malaria parasites in Brazil, even though we did not find positive thoraces among the samples tested. Additional evidence is required to assign the role of Mansonia mosquitoes in avian malaria transmission and further studies will add information about evolutionary and ecological aspects of avian haemosporidia and untangle the diversity of their vectors in Brazil.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Searching for putative avian malaria vectors in a Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest in Brazil

et al. 2016

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“…Compared with conventional RT-PCR, real-time RT-PCR has several advantages such as rapidity, low risk of false positive results, high sensitivity, specificity, and the possibility of viral quantification (12) (19) (20) . In fact, a previously described real-time RT-PCR method (11) was able to detect a broad range of flaviviruses found in Brazil (3) (21) (22) . This assay amplified the genomes of 12 mosquito-borne flavivirusesthat are among the principal arboviruses responsible for human disease in Brazil (Table 2) (3) (23) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation and optimization of SYBR Green real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction as a tool for diagnosis of the Flavivirus genus in Brazil

Romeiro

Souza

Tolardo

et al. 2016

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction:The genus Flavivirus includes several pathogenic species that cause severe illness in humans. Therefore, a rapid and accurate molecular method for diagnosis and surveillance of these viruses would be of great importance. Here, we evaluate and optimize a quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method for the diagnosis of the Flavivirus genus. Methods: We evaluated different commercial kits that use the SYBR Green system for real-time RT-PCR with a primer set that amplifies a fragment of the NS5 flavivirus gene. The specificity and sensitivity of the assay were tested using twelve flaviviruses and ribonucleic acid (RNA) transcribed from the yellow fever virus. Additionally, this assay was evaluated using the sera of 410 patients from different regions of Brazil with acute febrile illness and a negative diagnosis for the dengue virus. Results: The real-time RT-PCR amplified all flaviviruses tested at a melting temperature of 79.92 to 83.49°C. A detection limit of 100 copies per ml was determined for this assay. Surprisingly, we detected dengue virus in 4.1% (17/410) of samples from patients with febrile illness and a supposedly negative dengue infection diagnosis. The viral load in patients ranged from 2.1×10 7 to 3.4×10 3 copies per ml. Conclusions: The real-time RT-PCR method may be very useful for preliminary diagnoses in screenings, outbreaks, and other surveillance studies. Moreover, this assay can be easily applied to monitor viral activity and to measure viral load in pathogenesis studies.

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“…Using serological methods, several studies identified as major infectious agents involved in GBS: Campylobacter jejuni , Mycoplasma pneumoniae , Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus and Haemophilus influenzae 2-5 , but some flaviviruses with a documented circulation in Brazil were identified as triggers of GBS in the last two decades, especially dengue virus (DENV), West Nile virus (WNV) and Saint Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) 4,6-9 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Guillain-Barré syndrome and dengue-like disease in 2015: temporal relationship in Piauí state and implications on Zika virus surveillance

Vieira

Cruz

Barros

et al. 2017

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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West Nile Virus Encephalitis: The First Human Case Recorded in Brazil

Abstract: Abstract. A Brazilian ranch worker with encephalitis and flaccid paralysis was evaluated in the regional Acute

Cited by 64 publications

References 11 publications

Searching for putative avian malaria vectors in a Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest in Brazil

Searching for putative avian malaria vectors in a Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest in Brazil

Evaluation and optimization of SYBR Green real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction as a tool for diagnosis of the Flavivirus genus in Brazil

Guillain-Barré syndrome and dengue-like disease in 2015: temporal relationship in Piauí state and implications on Zika virus surveillance

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