West Nile outbreak in horses in Southern France: September 2004

Zeller, H.; Zientara, Stéphan; Hars, Jean; Languille, Jérôme; Mailles, Alexandra; Tolou, H.; Paty, Morgan; Schaffner, Francis; Armengaud, A.; Gaillan, P; Legras, J-F; Hendrix, P

doi:10.2807/esw.08.41.02564-en

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…WNV has been responsible for sporadic outbreaks of disease in countries around the Mediterranean sea since the 1960 (Hubálek and Halouzka, 1999). These have involved infections in humans and/or horses (Zeller et al, 2004). All outbreaks were reported between July and September.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of circulation of West Nile virus in Culex pipiens mosquitoes and horses in Morocco

et al. 2020

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West Nile virus (WNV) is one of the most widely distributed mosquito-borne viruses in the world. In North Africa, it causes human cases of meningoencephalitis with fatalities in Algeria and in Tunisia, whereas only horses were affected in Morocco. The aims of this study were to detect WNV in mosquitoes and to determine seroprevalence of WNV in Moroccan horses by the detection of IgG antibodies. A total of 1,455 mosquitoes belonging to four different species were grouped by collection site, date, and sex with 10 specimens per pool and tested for 38 arboviruses using a high-throughput chip based on the BioMark Dynamic array system. Out of 146 mosquito pools tested, one pool was positive for WNV. This positive pool was confirmed by real time RT-PCR. The serosurvey showed that 33.7% (31/92) of horses were positive for competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) test. The flavivirus-sphere microsphere immnoassay (MIA) test, targeting three flaviviruses (WNV, Usutu virus (USUV) and Tick borne encephalitic virus (TBEV)) showed that 23 sera out of 31 were positive for WNV, two for USUV, two for USUV or WNV, and four for an undetermined flavivirus. Virus neutralization tests with USUV and WNV showed that 28 of 31 sera were positive for WNV and all sera were negative for USUV. This study reports, for the first time, the detection of WNV from Culex pipiens mosquitoes in Morocco and its circulation among horses. This highlights that the detection of arboviruses in mosquitoes could serve as an early warning signal of a viral activity to prevent future outbreaks in animals and humans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of circulation of West Nile virus in Culex pipiens mosquitoes and horses in Morocco

et al. 2020

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“…In recent years human WNV disease in the Eastern Hemisphere has been reported mostly from areas in the Mediterranean Basin: in Algeria in 1994, Morocco in 1996, Tunisia in 1997 and 2003, Romania in 1996 through 2000, the Czech Republic in 1997, Israel in 1999 and 2000, Russia in 1999 through 2001, and France in 2003 ( 1 , 6 , 7 ). Enzootics involving horses were reported in Morocco in 1996 and 2003, Italy in 1998, Israel in 2000, and southern France in 2000, 2003, and 2004 ( 6 – 8 ).…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and Transmission Dynamics of West Nile Virus Disease

Hayes

Komar

Nasci

et al. 2005

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

731

582

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“…Five equine cases were also found; four had encephalitis and one was asymptomatic (Institut de Veille Sanitaire, 2003; Mailles et al , 2003). In 2004, 37 suspect cases in horses were reported and 14/18 had WNV infection (WNV IgM detection or positive RT‐PCR), however, no human cases were found (Zeller et al , 2004). Two Irish tourists returning from the Algarve, Portugal in the summer of 2004 were diagnosed with WNV infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of arbovirus infections by a coordinated response: West Nile Virus in England and Wales

Morgan¹

2006

FEMS Immunology &Amp; Medical Microbiology

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Although there is no recognized transmission of human arboviral infections in the UK, concerns about the possible spread of West Nile virus (WNV) have precipitated coordinated activities around both surveillance and response. The Department of Health has chaired a UK WNV task force since the end of 2000. This is a multidisciplinary group of senior representatives from Agencies and Government Departments involved in human and animal health, entomology and academic departments. Activities include surveillance for WNV infections in humans, and in dead birds, mosquitoes and horses. All have been negative for WNV. A WNV contingency plan was produced in 2004, and this could be used as a generic plan for an effective and coordinated response in the event of the emergence of a new vector-borne zoonotic infection.

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West Nile outbreak in horses in Southern France: September 2004

Abstract: On 28 August 2004 (week 35), two suspected clinical cases of West Nile virus infection in horses were identified by veterinarians in Saintes-Maries de la Mer, in the Camargue region of southeastern France

Cited by 10 publications

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Evidence of circulation of West Nile virus in Culex pipiens mosquitoes and horses in Morocco

Evidence of circulation of West Nile virus in Culex pipiens mosquitoes and horses in Morocco

Epidemiology and Transmission Dynamics of West Nile Virus Disease

Control of arbovirus infections by a coordinated response: West Nile Virus in England and Wales

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