While earlier diagnosis and better treatment have produced improved results in gynecologic cancer, diagnostic techniques and therapeutic regimens should be evaluated not just by tumor remissions or five-year cures but also by whether simpler methods might be equally effective, at lower cost, with less disability, with a shorter hospital stay, and with less disturbance to the patient and her family. The objectives of treatment should be to achieve the maximum in tumor cure with the lowest level of complications. Because of deaths from injuries related to overtreatment, less invasive and less toxic therapy may at times prove more effective than more radical treatment.Cancer 48:642-649, 1981.