Werkstoffe für die Salpetersäure‐Industrie

Horn, E.‐M.; Kohl, H.

doi:10.1002/maco.19860370202

Cited by 14 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In the high-silicon austenitic chromiumnickel special steel X 1 CrNiSi 18 15 4, which has high resistance to concentrated nitric acid [45][46][47], susceptibility to intergranular corrosion depends on the separation of a carbide M 23 C 6 and on a p phase of type M 11 (C, N) 2 , containing chromium, nickel, silicon, carbon, and nitrogen [48].…”

Section: Intergranular Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion, 1. Electrochemical

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Horn

et al. 2015

Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry

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The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Basic Electrochemistry 2.1. Electrochemical Equilibrium 2.2. Electrochemical Kinetics 2.2.1. Corrosion Elements 2.2.2. Mixed Electrode and Mixed Potential 2.2.3. Overpotential and Polarization 2.3. Current Density – Potential Curves 2.4. Hydrogen Overpotential and Acid Corrosion 2.5. Oxygen Overpotential and Oxygen Corrosion 2.6. Protective Film Formation and Passivity 3. Types of Electrolytic Corrosion 3.1. Uniform and Nonuniform Surface Corrosion 3.2. Forms of Localized Corrosion without Applied Mechanical Stress 3.2.1. Pitting Corrosion 3.2.2. Crevice Corrosion 3.2.3. Selective Corrosion 3.2.3.1. Intergranular Corrosion 3.2.3.2. Spongiosis 3.2.3.3. Dezincification 3.2.3.4. Line‐ and Layer‐Type Corrosion 3.3. Forms of Local Corrosion under Mechanical Stress 3.3.1. Stress Corrosion Cracking 3.3.1.1. Unalloyed and Low‐Alloy Steels 3.3.1.2. Stainless Steels 3.3.1.3. Nonferrous Metals 3.3.1.4. Special Types of Stress Corrosion Cracking 3.3.1.5. Hydrogen‐Induced Cracking at Low Temperatures 3.3.1.6. Hydrogen Corrosion at Elevated Temperatures 3.3.2. Corrosion Fatigue 3.3.3. Differentiation Between Types of Corrosion Cracking

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Section: Intergranular Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion, 1. Electrochemical

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Horn

et al. 2015

Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry

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“…This corrosion, which has a pitting corrosion morphology, propagates along the metal flows of SS forgings. [1][2][3][4][5] It has been reported that tunneling corrosion is caused by continuous stringers of nonmetallic inclusions. 1,[3][4] However, it has been pointed out that tunneling corrosion has occurred in steel without any stringers of nonmetallic inclusions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunneling Corrosion Mechanism of 25% Chromium-20% Nickel-Niobium Stainless Steel in Highly Oxidizing Nitric Acid

Kajimura¹,

Harada²,

Okada³

et al. 1995

CORROSION

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Austenitic stainless steel (SS) is used commonly in chemical plants dealing with nitric acid (HNO 3 ) because of its high corrosion resistance. However, even SS tends to corrode intergranularly in highly oxidizing HNO 3 containing oxidizing chromium or cerium ions, such as Cr 6+ or Ce 4+ . Furthermore, pitting corrosion, so-called tunneling corrosion or end-grain attack, occurs on the forgings in highly oxidizing HNO 3 . The mechanism of tunneling corrosion and its countermeasures for a 25% Cr-20% Ni-Nb steel (UNS S31040) in a mock reprocessing plant were studied. Results indicated tunneling corrosion was a type of pitting corrosion with general and intergranular attack on pit surfaces. It propagated along metal flows with penetrations up to 2 mm (0.079 in.) in diameter and 6 mm (0.236 in.) in depth. Rates of tunneling corrosion were 3 to 13 times faster than general corrosion. Tunneling corrosion initiated and propagated parallel to metal flows on the local parts where chromium content was depleted. This method of corrosion was caused both by preferential corrosion of a low-chromium part and corrosion accelerated by the galvanic action between a low-chromium part as an anode and a high-chromium part as a cathode. The electroslag remelting process completely resolved this problem by making ingots free from continuous chromium segregation.

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Titan und Titanlegierungen, Zirconium, Tantal und Niob

Buhl¹

2001

Korrosion Und Korrosionsschutz

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Werkstoffe für die Salpetersäure‐Industrie

Cited by 14 publications

References 7 publications

Corrosion, 1. Electrochemical

Corrosion, 1. Electrochemical

Tunneling Corrosion Mechanism of 25% Chromium-20% Nickel-Niobium Stainless Steel in Highly Oxidizing Nitric Acid

Titan und Titanlegierungen, Zirconium, Tantal und Niob

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