Wenig gebildet, viel sanktioniert? Zur Selektivität von Sanktionen in der Grundsicherung des SGB II

Abstract

Welfare benefit recipients who are subject to benefit sanctions live below the subsistence level for a fixed period of time. Individuals with low education bear an increased risk of being sanctioned. Quantitative analyses of linked administrative and survey data indicate that this increased risk cannot be attributed to a lower motivation to work or a lower willingness to make concessions regarding job offers. Our analyses of qualitative interviews and individual case files reveal complex processes: Low cultural capital when dealing with administrative matters, a habitual distance vis-à-vis job center employees as well as previous negative attributions in case files can advance the sanctioning of low-skilled welfare recipients. In this way, sanctions contribute to the (re)production of social inequality.

Practices of activation in frontline interactions: Coercion, persuasion, and the role of trust in activation policies in Germany

“…These coercive elements of activation policies have received broad attention in the corresponding research. In particular, sanctioning practices have been a focal point in welfare‐state research, both in the German (e.g., Grüttner, Moczall, & Wolff, ; Zahradnik et al, ) as well as in other institutional contexts (Caswell & Høybye‐Mortensen, ; Soss, Fording, & Schram, ). Studies that focus on support and counseling, on the other hand, are far less frequent and knowledge is still patchy (Caswell et al, , p. 182).…”

Typical school-to-work transitions of young adults with disabilities in Germany – a cohort study of recipients of vocational rehabilitation services after leaving school in 2008

“…Young people from poor backgrounds are less likely to possess knowledge about procedures and competencies that would enable them to take advantage of active labour market programmes, comply with behavioural requirements, and to negotiate individual preferences. Studies have revealed social differences in institutional counselling procedures [65,66], which can be interpreted as one facet of unequal capabilities in the VR process.…”

Beratung im Aktivierungsparadigma

“…Zudem bestehen Hinweise, dass dieses implizite Wissen zum Umgang mit dem Beratungspersonal in sozial benachteiligten Bevölkerungsschichten weniger verbreitet ist. Denn Menschen mit geringerem oder ohne Schulabschluss mangelt es an Wissen zu erfolgreichem Handeln im Jobcenter (Zahradnik et al 2016). Sie verfügen über ein geringeres kulturelles Kapital und stehen dem Beratungspersonal aufgrund der unterschiedlichen sozialen Herkunft und sozialen Position (siehe für die Arbeitsvermittlung auch Ludwig-Mayerhofer et al 2014; für die Beratung allgemein McLeod 2013, S. 485 ff.)…”

“…in einer habituellen Distanz gegenüber. Diese Faktoren erhöhen auch das Sanktionsrisiko der sozial Benachteiligten (Zahradnik et al 2016). Schwierigkeiten der Arbeitsuchenden jenseits ihrer sozialen und gesellschaftlichen Basis zu betrachten, kann dazu führen, diese Schwierigkeiten in unangemessene Hilfsmuster einzupassen und Konflikte als Beziehungsprobleme zwischen Beratungspersonal und ihrem Gegenüber zu interpretieren (Thiersch 2013, S. 213).…”