This paper presents a class of boundary integral equation methods for the numerical solution of acoustic and electromagnetic time-domain scattering problems in the presence of unbounded penetrable interfaces in two-spatial dimensions. The proposed methodology relies on Convolution Quadrature (CQ) methods in conjunction with the recently introduced Windowed Green Function (WGF) method. As in standard time-domain scattering from bounded obstacles, a CQ method of the user's choice is utilized to transform the problem into a finite number of (complex) frequency-domain problems posed on the domains involving penetrable unbounded interfaces. Each one of the frequency-domain transmission problems is then formulated as a second-kind integral equation that is effectively reduced to a bounded interface by means of the WGF method-which introduces errors that decrease super-algebraically fast as the window size increases. The resulting windowed integral equations can then be solved by means of any (accelerated or unaccelerated) off-the-shelf Helmholtz boundary integral equation solver capable of handling complex wavenumbers with a large imaginary part. A high-order Nyström method based on Alpert quadrature rules is utilized here. A variety of numerical examples including wave propagation in open waveguides as well as scattering from multiply layered media, demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed approach.(CQ) methods [25,26], in particular, have effectively enabled the use of (complex) frequencydomain boundary integral equation (BIE) solvers to tackle a variety of wave propagation problems, by providing a stable procedure to discretize the associated convolution equations for the unknown time evolution of the relevant surface densities; see [33] for the mathematical foundations of the method, and [5,19] for details on the algorithmic implementation. In the case of the scalar wave equation with piecewise constant wavespeed, to which this paper is devoted to, approximate traces at discrete times are produced all at once from a finite sequence of independent Helmholtz problems that can be solved in parallel by means of BIE methods. Although this CQ-BIE approach has proven to be competitive to volume discretization methods in the context of obstacle scattering problems [3,4,34], its extension to problems involving unbounded material interfaces is severely hindered by the fact that standard BIE formulations require the knowledge of problem-specific Green functions to deal with the unboundedness of the material interfaces. These Green functions, however, are often unavailable (in terms of tractable mathematical expressions) or are given in terms of computationally expensive Sommerfeld integrals 1 [27,29,30].Recent advances on BIE methods for time-harmonic problems of scattering from unbounded material interfaces have led to the development of highly efficient solvers that completely bypass the use of problem-specific Green functions [10,12,13,24,30,37]. The windowed Green function (WGF) method, in particular, has successfully...