Well-Known and Novel Serum Biomarkers for Risk Stratification of Patients with Non-ischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Abstract

Non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy encompasses a wide spectrum of myocardial disorders, characterized by left ventricular dilatation with systolic impairment and increased risk of sudden cardiac death. In spite of all the therapeutic progress that has been made in recent years, dilated cardiomyopathy continues to be an important cause of cardiac transplant, being associated with an enormous cost burden for health care systems worldwide. Predicting the prognosis of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy is essential to individualize treatment. Late gadolinium enhancement-cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, microvolt T-wave alternans, and genetic testing have emerged as powerful tools in predicting sudden cardiac death occurrence and maximizing patient’s selection. Despite all these new diagnostic modalities, additional tests to complement or replace current tools are required for better risk stratification. Therefore, biomarkers are an easy and important tool that can help to detect patients at risk of adverse cardiovascular events. Additionally, identifying potential biomarkers involved in dilated cardiomyopathy can provide us important information regarding the diagnostic, prognostic, risk stratification, and response to treatment for these patients. Many potential biomarkers have been studied in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, but only a few have been adopted in current practice. Therefore, the aim of our review is to provide the clinicians with an update on the well-known and novel biomarkers that can be useful for risk stratification of patients with non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy.

Challenges for Management of Dilated Cardiomyopathy during COVID-19 Pandemic—A Telemedicine Application

“…Thus, in our study, the mortality rate at 2-year follow-up was significantly higher in patients with DCM with restrictive LVDFP compared with those with a nonrestrictive filling pattern. Evaluation by NYHA class and quality of life has shown that improvement at 2-years follow up was more frequent in patients with nonrestrictive LVDFP, same results being obtained in other studies [28][29][30][31][32].…”

Age, GFR, and Ejection Fraction Score as a Good Predictor of Prognosis in Elderly Patients with Nonischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy

“…Patients with NIDCM have an increased risk of lifethreatening arrhythmia and HF, and the stratification of their risk is a real challenge for clinicians [18]. Patients with NIDCM often experience SCD [19].…”

Relationship between serum chloride and prognosis in non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy: a large retrospective cohort study

“…Patients with NIDCM have an increased risk of life-threatening arrhythmia and HF, and the stratification of their risk is a real challenge for clinicians. 7 …”

“…Patients with NIDCM have an increased risk of lifethreatening arrhythmia and HF, and the stratification of their risk is a real challenge for clinicians. 7 Previous research has shown that a few variables, such as reduced LVEF and elevated levels of brain natriuretic peptide, 8 have been associated with poor outcomes of patients (age <60 years) with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Although there have been many studies on DCM, 1-3 9 to the best of our knowledge, there have been no previous studies on risk factors for elderly patients.…”