Well-defined second-order nonlinear optical polymers by controlled radical polymerization, via multifunctional macromolecular chain transfer agent: Design, synthesis, and characterizations

Roy, Anne-Lise; Bui, Chong; Rău, Ileana; Kajzar, F.; Charleux, Bernadette; Save, Maud; Kréher, David; Attias, André Jean

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2013.12.059

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…[195] Here, it is supported by several theoretical calculations. [197,212,213] Solvent-solvent interactions: According to the second model of solvent-solvent interactions, energetically favorable complexation forms network or cluster structures [214,215] in the liquid mixture. [151] For the system pNIPAm/water/methanol, it is for example speculated that water pentamers are formed with methanol by hydrogen bonding, [216] but most of the formed structures have only been predicted theoretically, since they are very hard to detect experimentally with currently used methods.…”

Section: Cononsolvencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…* The spacings between the functional groups increase with the progress of the polymerization. [213] The reaction is illustrated in Scheme 5.6. On a side note, these polymers could theoretically be employed as macro-RAFT agents in a second radical polymerization with another monomer [214] to yield multisegmented copolymers, [215][216][217][218] polymers with alternating homogeneous segments composed of the two monomers.…”

Section: Multiblock Poly(n-isopropylacrylamide)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Smart Nanohybrids of RAFT Polymers and Inorganic Particles

Ebeling¹

2015

Springer Theses

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The series "Springer Theses" brings together a selection of the very best Ph.D. theses from around the world and across the physical sciences. Nominated and endorsed by two recognized specialists, each published volume has been selected for its scientific excellence and the high impact of its contents for the pertinent field of research. For greater accessibility to non-specialists, the published versions include an extended introduction, as well as a foreword by the student's supervisor explaining the special relevance of the work for the field. As a whole, the series will provide a valuable resource both for newcomers to the research fields described, and for other scientists seeking detailed background information on special questions. Finally, it provides an accredited documentation of the valuable contributions made by today's younger generation of scientists.Theses are accepted into the series by invited nomination only and must fulfill all of the following criteria • They must be written in good English.• The topic should fall within the confines of Chemistry, Physics, Earth Sciences, Engineering and related interdisciplinary fields such as Materials, Nanoscience, Chemical Engineering, Complex Systems and Biophysics.

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Section: Cononsolvencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Multiblock Poly(n-isopropylacrylamide)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Nanohybrids of RAFT Polymers and Inorganic Particles

Ebeling¹

2015

Springer Theses

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“…[213] The reaction is illustrated in Scheme 5.6. On a side note, these polymers could theoretically be employed as macro-RAFT agents in a second radical polymerization with another monomer [214] to yield multisegmented copolymers, [215][216][217][218] polymers with alternating homogeneous segments composed of the two monomers.…”

Section: Multiblock Poly(n-isopropylacrylamide)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Building-block design

Ebeling

2015

Springer Theses

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In order to study AuNPs, they first have to be synthesized. As already described in Section 1.2.3.2, "gold nanoparticles" is just the umbrella term for particles with fundamentally different properties, which in particular depend on their size and the kind of stabilization and thus directly on the synthesis method. Several liquid-chemical synthesis methods were performed and surveyed regarding the suitability of the products for the envisaged functionalization experiments and the experimental ease of implementation with the accessible equipment. In this section, the results from these experiments, the characteristic properties of the produced nanoparticles and feasible analysis methods for them are discussed. In Chapter 8 "Nanohybrids of gold particles", the functionalization reactions of the synthesized AuNPs using coupling reactions on their surface, the study of their interactions with trithiocarbonate groups, and the employment in grafting-to reactions with different classes of polymers will be presented. General remarks on AuNP synthesis strategiesBecause of the high curvature, the gold atoms on the surface of AuNPs are unsaturated and especially reactive. In order to obtain a stable colloid in a AuNP synthesis, particle aggregation must be prevented. This can be achieved in three fundamentally different ways:Electrostatic stabilization: The nanoparticles carry a (remaining) charge, so that they (or the oppositely charged ligand layers) repel each other. Gold colloids stabilized in this manner are very sensitive to salts. * The list only refers to the stability of AuNPs. In order to form a colloidal solution, also a good solubility is required, which is a different matter concerning the interactions with the solvent.

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“…Subsequently, Bussels et al introduced polyfunctional dithiocarbamates which could be implied in emulsion polymerization . Successive papers reported the formation of copolymers via poly‐TTCs, for instance, in amphiphilic multiblock copolymers, fluorescent polymers, or in the synthesis of nonlinear optical polymers . However, concerning the overall relevance of the RAFT process, polyfunctional controlling agents seem to be used rather seldom for the synthesis of AB‐multiblock polymers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuning the Mechanical Properties of Multiblock Copolymers Generated by Polyfunctional RAFT Agents

Hendrich

Vana

2017

Macromol. Mater. Eng.

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When employing polyfunctional reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agents (e.g., polytrithiocarbonates) in a reversible‐deactivation radical polymerization, a redistribution of the RAFT groups being connected to polymer segments occurs, which leads to a characteristic distribution of blocks in the polymer. The authors show that by adding bifunctional RAFT agents to such a system, the average number of blocks and their distribution may be tailored, proving that in principle any RAFT agent may be combined with a polyfunctional RAFT agent to tailor its topology. The authors thus add star‐shaped RAFT agents and develop multiblock copolymers of styrene and n‐butyl acrylate having incorporated star‐shaped topological features and investigate the materials via tensile testing. Using this novel mixing approach, the material toughness is substantially increased compared to multiblock copolymers obtained from pure polyfunctional RAFT agent, and stress whitening is prevented. Importantly, the approach yields copolymers with a significantly higher toughness compared to conventional blends of star and multiblock copolymers.

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Well-defined second-order nonlinear optical polymers by controlled radical polymerization, via multifunctional macromolecular chain transfer agent: Design, synthesis, and characterizations

Cited by 5 publications

References 55 publications

Smart Nanohybrids of RAFT Polymers and Inorganic Particles

Smart Nanohybrids of RAFT Polymers and Inorganic Particles

Building-block design

Tuning the Mechanical Properties of Multiblock Copolymers Generated by Polyfunctional RAFT Agents

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