Well-defined polyacrylamides with AIE properties <i>via</i> rapid Cu-mediated living radical polymerization in aqueous solution: thermoresponsive nanoparticles for bioimaging

Haddleton, David M.; Ma, Congkai; Han, Ting; Al-Shok, Lucas; Efstathiou, Spyridon; Lester, Daniel W.; Huband, Steven

doi:10.1039/d1py01432c

Cited by 12 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The diameters of N-CDs/RhB and Cu,N-CNS/RhB were about 15 and 110 nm (Figure B,C), respectively. TEM images showed that the addition of RhB increased the particle size of N-CDs/RhB, and then, Cu doping induced free radical polymerization of acrylamide, which formed the Cu,N-CNS/RhB and increased the size further . Moreover, the hollow-shell structure appeared in Cu,N-CNS/RhB after adding Cu(II).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TEM images showed that the addition of RhB increased the particle size of N-CDs/RhB, and then, Cu doping induced free radical polymerization of acrylamide, which formed the Cu,N-CNS/RhB and increased the size further. 38 Moreover, the hollow-shell structure appeared in Cu,N-CNS/RhB after adding Cu(II). This interesting phenomenon was possibly caused by the carboncoated Cu, which flowed out through the voids between poly(acrylamides) as dialysis progressed to form a hollow-shell structure.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ratiometric Fluorescent Detection of Ultrasound-Regulated ATP Release: An Ultrasound-Resistant Cu,N-Doped Carbon Nanosphere

Nan

Liu

Shi

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Focused ultrasound, as a protocol of cancer therapy, might induce extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release, which could enhance cancer immunotherapy and be monitored as a therapeutic marker. To achieve an ATP-detecting probe resistant to ultrasound irradiation, we constructed a Cu/N-doped carbon nanosphere (CNS), which has two fluorescence (FL) emissions at 438 and 578 nm to detect ultrasound-regulated ATP release. The addition of ATP to Cu/N-doped CNS was conducted to recover the FL intensity at 438 nm, where ATP enhanced the FL intensity probably via intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) primarily and hydrogen-bond-induced emission (HBIE) secondarily. The ratiometric probe was sensitive to detect micro ATP (0.2–0.6 μM) with the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.068 μM. The detection of ultrasound-regulated ATP release by Cu,N-CNS/RhB showed that ATP release was enhanced by the long-pulsed ultrasound irradiation at 1.1 MHz (+37%, p < 0.01) and reduced by the short-pulsed ultrasound irradiation at 5 MHz (−78%, p < 0.001). Moreover, no significant difference in ATP release was detected between the control group and the dual-frequency ultrasound irradiation group (+4%). It is consistent with the results of ATP detection by the ATP-kit. Besides, all-ATP detection was developed to prove that the CNS had ultrasound-resistant properties, which means it could bear the irradiation of focused ultrasound in different patterns and detect all-ATP in real time. In the study, the ultrasound-resistant probe has the advantages of simple preparation, high specificity, low limit of detection, good biocompatibility, and cell imaging ability. It has great potential to act as a multifunctional ultrasound theranostic agent for simultaneous ultrasound therapy, ATP detection, and monitoring.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ratiometric Fluorescent Detection of Ultrasound-Regulated ATP Release: An Ultrasound-Resistant Cu,N-Doped Carbon Nanosphere

Nan

Liu

Shi

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…PHEMA amplifies the pH value effect as it causes more dimethylamino groups of TPP-NI to be exposed, which made it possible for PHEMA to serve as an optical sensor and drug-delievery agent via effective encasement of hydrophobic drug molecules. In a few other similar examples, AIE end-functionalized polymers were also synthesized, [152][153][154][155][156] where they have been used to study the ATRP process mechanism and certain stimuli-responsive polymers for material fabrications. (PStTPP-NI) using ATRP technique.…”

Section: End-functionalized Aie Polymers Via Atrpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aggregation-Induced Emission Polymers via Reversible-Deactivation Radical Polymerization

Teo

Fan

Ardana

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE) is a unique phenomenon whereby aggregation of molecules induces fluorescence emission as opposed to the more commonly known Aggregation-Caused Quenching (ACQ). AIE has the potential to be utilized in the large-scale production of AIE-active polymeric materials because of their wide range of practical applications such as stimuli-responsive sensors, biological imaging agents, and drug delivery systems. This is evident from the increasing number of publications over the years since AIE was first discovered. In addition, the ever-growing interest in this field has led many researchers around the world to develop new and creative methods in the design of monomers, initiators and crosslinkers, with the goal of broadening the scope and utility of AIE polymers. One of the most promising approaches to the design and synthesis of AIE polymers is the use of the Reversible-Deactivation Radical Polymerization (RDRP) techniques, which enabled the production of well-controlled AIE materials that are often difficult to achieve by other methods. In this review, a summary of some recent works that utilize RDRP for AIE polymer design and synthesis is presented, including (1) the design of AIE-related monomers, initiators/crosslinkers; the achievements in preparation of AIE polymers using (2) Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) technique; (3) Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) technique; (4) other techniques such as Cu(0)-RDRP technique and Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerization (NMP) technique; (5) the possible applications of these AIE polymers and finally (6) a summary/perspective and the future direction of AIE polymers.

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“…These aqueous conditions are very suitable for many acrylamides and water-soluble acrylates, which have high rates of polymerization. In our previous work, we have exploited the AIEgen-containing initiator tetraphenylethene bromoisobutyrate (TPEBIB) to generate a range of TPE-terminated polyacrylates and polyacrylamides with AIE properties via both Cu(0) wire-mediated and aqueous RDRP, respectively. , AIE-terminated polymers have been reported widely as fluorescence probes for pH, temperature, and in bio-related areas . Among them, TPE-terminated poly(meth)acrylates were reported to have good film-forming ability and thermal stabilities, which could be used as potential fluorescence sensors for explosive detections, − solution viscosity modifiers, and cell imaging …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aggregation-Induced Emission Poly(meth)acrylates for Photopatterning via Wavelength-Dependent Visible-Light-Regulated Controlled Radical Polymerization in Batch and Flow Conditions

Han

Efstathiou

et al. 2022

Macromolecules

Self Cite

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A robust wavelength-dependent visible-light-regulated reversible-deactivation radical polymerization protocol is first reported for the batch preparation of >20 aggregation-induced emission (AIE)active polyacrylates and polymethacrylates. The resulting polymers possess narrow molar mass distributions (Đ ≈ 1.09−1.25) and high end-group fidelity at high monomer conversions (mostly >95%). This demonstrated control provides facile access to the in situ generation of complex sequence-defined tetrablock copolymers in one reactor, even while chain extending from less reactive monomers. Polymerizations can be successfully carried out under various irradiation conditions, including using UV, blue, green, and red LED light with more disperse polymers obtained at the longer, less energetic, wavelengths. We observe a red shift and wavelength dependence for the most efficient polymerization using LED illumination in a polymerization reaction. We find that the absorption of the copper(II) complex is not a reliable guide to reaction conditions. Moreover, the reported protocol is readily translated to a flow setup. The prepared AIE-active polymers are demonstrated to exhibit good photopatterning, making them promising materials for applications in advanced optoelectronic devices.

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Well-defined polyacrylamides with AIE properties via rapid Cu-mediated living radical polymerization in aqueous solution: thermoresponsive nanoparticles for bioimaging

Abstract: There is a requirment for the development of methods for the preparation of well-controlled polymers with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) property. This requirement directed this current work towards a robust synthetic...

Cited by 12 publications

References 53 publications

Ratiometric Fluorescent Detection of Ultrasound-Regulated ATP Release: An Ultrasound-Resistant Cu,N-Doped Carbon Nanosphere

Ratiometric Fluorescent Detection of Ultrasound-Regulated ATP Release: An Ultrasound-Resistant Cu,N-Doped Carbon Nanosphere

Aggregation-Induced Emission Polymers via Reversible-Deactivation Radical Polymerization

Aggregation-Induced Emission Poly(meth)acrylates for Photopatterning via Wavelength-Dependent Visible-Light-Regulated Controlled Radical Polymerization in Batch and Flow Conditions

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