Welfare Regimes in China and Vietnam

London, Jonathan D.

doi:10.1080/00472336.2013.822988

Cited by 39 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Indeed, the pursuit of ecosystem-promotion is consistent with broader assessments of Vietnam as an 'ad hoc' and 'incoherent' developmental state (Malesky & London, 2014). London (2013) coins the phrase 'chaebol dreaming' to capture the gap between the purported aim of Vietnamese industrial policy and the uncoordinated reality.…”

Section: Vietnam's Sandt Policy Context: Multinationals Firm Capabilities and Returneesmentioning

confidence: 77%

Science and Technology Policies and the Middle-Income Trap: Lessons from Vietnam

Klingler-Vidra

Wade

2019

The Journal of Development Studies

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Section: Vietnam's Sandt Policy Context: Multinationals Firm Capabilities and Returneesmentioning

confidence: 77%

Science and Technology Policies and the Middle-Income Trap: Lessons from Vietnam

Klingler-Vidra

Wade

2019

The Journal of Development Studies

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“…As minimalist universal welfare barely covers the actual needs for social protection, it necessitates the rise of an assemblage of non-state providers such as religious organizations, community groups, NGOs, and private companies (Duckett & Carrillo, 2011 ; London, 2014 ; Nguyen & Chen, 2017 ), setting the stage for a competitive market for welfare supervised by the state. In contrast to the notion of relatively independent civil society organisations advocating for the rights of the needy, 5 non-state actors in China are more closely directed by the state (Hildebrandt, 2013 ; Wells-Dang, 2012 ).…”

Section: Re-commodificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In China and Vietnam, the changeover from state socialist regimes to market-Leninist political economies, “market socialism” in the party state’s language, has shaped the new social policies governing labour welfare and social stratification (London, 2014 ). While the Chinese government has increased welfare expenditure and expanded provision coverage, the welfare regime is considered more productive than protective (Rudra, 2007 ; Tillin & Duckett, 2017 ), as local governments prioritize economic growth and political stability (Leung & Xu, 2015 ; Mok et al, 2017 ), diverging from global norms or even national policy goals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Social welfare in China, for some, has enlarged the income gap (Gao & Ruskin, 2013 ) while basic social programs, such as the Minimum Livelihood Guarantee (MLG) programs, mostly serve to prevent social instability (Solinger, 2017 ). Vietnam’s trajectory resembles China’s in some policy areas, especially the increasing marketization of public health services (London, 2014 ; Malesky & London, 2014 ). With growing industrialisation that demands mass labour, meanwhile, how the welfare of the huge number of rural–urban migrants, combined more than 200 million, is attended to becomes one of the most pertinent social questions in both countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The cycle of commodification: migrant labour, welfare, and the market in global China and Vietnam

Lin

Nguyen

2021

GPPG

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China and Vietnam have experienced waves of labour and welfare reform since both countries shifted to market socialism, pursuing a development model that depends on the labour of millions of rural–urban migrants in global factories. Their similar development trajectories are productive for theorizing the relationship between labour and welfare. This article conceptualises the two countries’ distinctive regime of migrant labour welfare as integral to a cycle of commodification that encompasses the overlapping processes of commodification, de-commodification and re-commodification of labour. After decades of collectivized labour under state socialism, the cycle begins with the commodification of labour through market reforms that led to mass rural–urban migration and the rise of the global factory alongside the dismantling of the former socialist welfare system. It was then followed by de-commodification attempts aimed at providing forms of social protection that offset the labour precarity caused by decades of labour market liberalisation. Despite the emergence of new universal welfare programs, the market has increasingly intruded into social protection, especially through financialized products targeted at the labouring masses who must compensate for the failings of public welfare programs. As such, these welfare regimes are undergoing a process of re-commodification in which the protection of labour is re-embedded into the market as a commodity to be consumed by the migrant workers with their meagre wages. The “cycle of commodification” offers an analytical framework to understand welfare regimes as a social and political field that keeps evolving in response to the changing global valuation of labour.

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“…Although the official story claims Vietnam follows a new development model, making use of the market economy to deliver socialism in practice without embarking on a capitalist transition, socialism "appears as far away as ever" (Beresford, 2008, 240). The effects of the commodification of health and education are other clear examples of a larger trend of increasing inequalities in Vietnam (London, 2014;Taylor, 2004;World Bank, 2012). Despite its socialist rhetoric, the Vietnamese state has proved relatively weak in insulating society against the negative effects of marketisation.…”

Section: A Development Dilemmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Driving Development? The Problems and Promises of the Car in Vietnam

Hansen

2016

Journal of Contemporary Asia

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The private car comes with promises of modernity and comfortable mobility for the growing middle class in Vietnam. Vietnam's government has also targeted the domestic automobile industry as a "spearhead industry" in an attempt to achieve industrial upgrading. Paradoxically, the government is simultaneously restraining the market for this industry through imposing high taxes and fees on cars, making them available only to a limited number of people. This article discusses the promises and problems of the automobile in Vietnam. It analyses policies related to the development of the automobile industry, and discusses the reasons for the relative failure of the project. The article argues that the failure is linked to weaknesses in Vietnamese development strategies, but also to the potential problems an expansion in car ownership in Vietnam would lead to. The paper contends that the car represents a development dilemma between industrialisation and urban mobility, and that environmental, energy and social concerns add to the rationale for limiting car ownership. Furthermore, while forces promoting car-driven industrialisation appear to be gaining ground, the requirements for regional economic integration may challenge the future of the infant automobile industry.

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Welfare Regimes in China and Vietnam

Cited by 39 publications

References 30 publications

Science and Technology Policies and the Middle-Income Trap: Lessons from Vietnam

Science and Technology Policies and the Middle-Income Trap: Lessons from Vietnam

The cycle of commodification: migrant labour, welfare, and the market in global China and Vietnam

Driving Development? The Problems and Promises of the Car in Vietnam

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