“…This finding could still be in line with the inverted U‐shape hypothesis, given that highly skilled emigrants such as doctors are likely to be located on the descending segment of the migration hump. Another group of papers (Benček & Schneiderheinze, 2020; Böhme et al, 2020; Clist & Restelli, 2021; Ortega & Peri, 2013), however, point to a universal negative income‐migration relationship once cross‐country heterogeneity is accounted for through the inclusion of an appropriate set of fixed effects. Similarly, using Gallup‐World Poll data on migration intentions, Langella and Manning (2021) find a (weakly) significant negative relationship between aggregate per capita GDP and individuals' desire to emigrate to poorer countries.…”