Welfare and Inequality in Marketizing East Asia

London, Jonathan D.

doi:10.1057/978-1-137-54106-2

Cited by 24 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…Before the introduction of greater redistributive policies, the social policy in Indonesia and Thailand reflected the dual nature of its distinctive distributive function, namely, as an economic growth booster and client state protector (Croissant, 2004;Gough et al, 2004;Kwon, 2009;London, 2018). Many argued that these two causations represent historical Asian products, which have different historical and political roots to the experiences of "Three Worlds" countries, where capitalism and liberal democracy are innately attached to social policy formation (Powell & Kim, 2014).…”

Section: Bifurcated Path Of Welfare Productivism Adoptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consider the experiences of Thailand and Indonesia, which achieved healthcare policy reforms in 2001 and 2014, respectively. These reforms occurred when the economic performance of both had declined compared with that in the pre-millennium and was significantly less than that in the advanced welfare state (Erlangga & Shi, 2013;London, 2018;Pholpark, 2018;Ramesh, 2000;Ramesh & Wu, 2008Yuda, 2021a). Both also represented newly DMIC that were gradually transforming their welfare institutional landscapes from the segmented welfare types that have been operating since the 1970s.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both also represented newly DMIC that were gradually transforming their welfare institutional landscapes from the segmented welfare types that have been operating since the 1970s. Nonetheless, the governance of both countries remained subject to the enduring "clientelistic and patrimonial elitism" of domination (London, 2018;Yuda, 2019Yuda, , 2021a. This allowed the clientelistic motives to play a significant role that drove healthcare expansion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Healthcare expansion in Indonesia and Thailand: a causal mechanism and its implications for welfare regimes

Yuda

Pholpark²

2022

J. int. comp. soc. policy

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This article provides an overview of the scholarship on healthcare reform in democratic middle-income countries through comparative cases from Indonesia and Thailand. This study identifies the reasons why Thailand has achieved universal healthcare faster than Indonesia and analyses the policy outputs towards universalism resulting from unfolding reforms. Taking a closer look at the causal mechanisms underpinning healthcare developments (clientelistic-based mechanism and limited vertical alliance-based mechanism), we discuss how changes in political economy have enhanced the state’s intervention in the healthcare sector while reproducing the fragmented and stratified nature of the system. Based on coverage, generosity and financial risk protection, Thailand has a higher degree of universalism in comparison with Indonesia. The article suggests that the welfare regime now governing healthcare can be conceptualised as a developmental-universalist state, while noting a less-effective model for Indonesia and a more effective model for Thailand.

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Section: Bifurcated Path Of Welfare Productivism Adoptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Healthcare expansion in Indonesia and Thailand: a causal mechanism and its implications for welfare regimes

Yuda

Pholpark²

2022

J. int. comp. soc. policy

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“…Since 1986, Vietnam has undertaken steps towards economic liberalisation ('doi moi') by introducing market-oriented reforms, through which Vietnam, formerly classified as one of the poorest countries in the world, became a low middle-income country (Long, 2012, 203). During economic liberalisation, the Vietnamese welfare regime was modified to a large extent (see London, 2018). The following paragraphs describe the key policy reforms in the Vietnamese pension system.…”

Section: Policy Reforms and Structure Of The Pension Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eastern and South Asian countries have been experiencing considerable welfare state reforms in recent years (Asher & Kimura, 2015; Haggard & Kaufman, 2008; Hujo, 2014; London, 2018; Mok, Kühner, & Yeates, 2017). In pension policy, social insurance systems continue to exist alongside national provident funds, which have received considerably less attention (e.g., Kaseke, Midgley, & Piachaud, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A mechanism‐based approach to the comparison of national pension systems in Vietnam and Sri Lanka

Kuhlmann

Nullmeier

2021

Soc Policy Adm

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The article argues that a mechanism‐based approach is a promising way for comparative analyses of social policy developments, as it allows to focus on specific sequences within broader processes, and to draw inspiration from elements of different theoretical approaches to explain these sequences. The article analyses the developments of the social insurance pension system in Vietnam and the national provident fund in Sri Lanka, which present two variants of a contribution‐based pension system. Despite different starting points and institutional and economic backgrounds, the article reveals that both countries are characterised by maintenance and expansion of their pension systems on the policy level, and limitations in expanding effective coverage on the implementation level. We identify three causal mechanisms that are crucial for understanding these developments: The policy‐areas‐interdependence mechanism explains how, in an integrated political system, policies are being maintained despite dysfunctions, because they have important stabilizing functions for other policy areas. The evasion mechanism explains how national policy actors on the surface follow International Organisations' recommendations and support further cooperation, while conducting reforms in line with national political considerations. The limited‐compliance mechanism explains how reforms that are being adopted on the policy level are not being implemented.

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Causal Mechanisms in the Development of Contribution-Based Pension Systems in South Korea, Vietnam, Sri Lanka, and Malaysia

Kuhlmann

Nullmeier

2022

Global Dynamics of Social Policy

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The chapter analyses and compares the development of two types of contribution-based pension systems in four countries, thereby contrasting Bismarckian pension systems (South Korea, Vietnam) with pension systems that rely on national provident funds (Sri Lanka, Malaysia). Although all countries are facing considerable problems in expanding effective coverage and providing a decent pension after retirement, they have undertaken considerable political efforts to maintain or even expand those systems. We explain this outcome through a modular and mechanism-based approach, highlight six complex causal mechanisms—the outcompeting mechanism, the gaining acceptance spiral mechanism, the evasion mechanism, the double benefit mechanism, the crisis management by going further mechanism, and the alarmed middle classes mechanism—and show when and how these mechanisms unfolded in the four countries.

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Welfare and Inequality in Marketizing East Asia

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

Healthcare expansion in Indonesia and Thailand: a causal mechanism and its implications for welfare regimes

Healthcare expansion in Indonesia and Thailand: a causal mechanism and its implications for welfare regimes

A mechanism‐based approach to the comparison of national pension systems in Vietnam and Sri Lanka

Causal Mechanisms in the Development of Contribution-Based Pension Systems in South Korea, Vietnam, Sri Lanka, and Malaysia

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