Welfare and Fish

Karakatsouli

et al. 2010

Fish Physiol Biochem

The objective of this study was to further investigate the effects of music on fish physiology, bearing in mind available information regarding the involvement of endogenous and exogenous factors in fish farming. Therefore, Cyprinus carpio (50.5 +/- 0.36 g) were reared in a recirculating water system under 80 and 200 lux and subjected to no music at all (control, ambient noise only), 4 h of Mozart's "Eine Kleine Nachtmusik", or 4 h of anonymous "Romanza-Jeux Interdits" for 106 days. Both music treatments resulted in increased growth performance at both light intensities, with Romanza treatment at 200 lux resulting in better growth performance than Mozart treatment. Furthermore, feed efficiency for the Romanza groups was significantly better than for the control. Although no significant music effect was apparent for brain neurotransmitters, lower anterior intestine alkaline protease levels were detected for both music treatments. Taking into consideration the numerous advantages of recirculating water systems, it should be emphasised that fish response to music expresses the results of various physiological and biochemical processes, especially when fish notably respond differently when subjected to two different pieces of music.

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) response to two pieces of music (“Eine Kleine Nachtmusik” and “Romanza”) combined with light intensity, using recirculating water system

Karakatsouli

et al. 2010

Fish Physiol Biochem

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

“…Unpublished results from the present study confirm that plasma lactate and cortisol in creased in S. aurata after a progressive drop in O 2 , declining below the LOS for the last hour. It is therefore suggested that LOS is a suitable limit for ac ceptable drops in O 2 in S. aurata aquaculture, with respect to the physiological integrity and welfare of the fish (Huntingford & Kadri 2008). It should be emphasized that higher levels of O 2 are expected to obtain fast growth and efficient production, as appetite is generally reduced at higher levels of O 2 than the LOS.…”

Section: Practical Use Of Los As a Limit For Unacceptable Drops In Omentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, a drop in O 2 to levels below the LOS can be expected to induce stress (increased plasma levels of corticosteroids and catecholamines) and lactic acidosis (Van Raaij et al 1996, Vianen et al 2001, Petersen & Gamperl 2011, Remen et al 2012, 2013. The LOS can therefore be implemented in aquaculture as the lower limit for acceptable O 2 levels with regard to the physiological function and welfare of farmed fish (Huntingford & Kadri 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The growth phase is primarily carried out in floating sea cages (Basurco et al 2011) where fish performance and welfare are closely linked to environmental conditions within the sea cage (Fry 1971, Huntingford & Kadri 2008. The sea cage oxygen (O 2 ) level is particularly important as it is the main limiting factor of fish aerobic metabolism (Fry 1947(Fry , 1971.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effect of temperature on the metabolism, behaviour and oxygen requirements of Sparus aurata

Remen¹,

Nederlof²,

Folkedal³

et al. 2015

There is currently little information on the sea cage O 2 levels in S. aurata aquaculture, but variation in the above mentioned factors is expected to cause variable levels of O 2 in S. aurata production systems as well. In order to develop production strategies ABSTRACT: We investigated the effect of temperature on the limiting oxygen saturation (LOS) of gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata. This threshold was defined as the % O 2 saturation where fish no longer upheld their routine metabolic rate (RMR, the metabolic rate of fed and active fish) during a progressive decline in oxygen saturation. S. aurata (398 ± 10 g, mean ± SE) were kept in 3 replicate tanks and subjected to 3 changes in temperature: 16 to 20°C, 20 to 16°C and 16 to 12°C. At each temperature, fish were left to acclimatize for 8 to 10 d, before daily feed intake (DFI), the routine oxygen consumption rate (routine MO 2 , mg kg −1 min −1) and the LOS were measured. In addition, at 20°C the swimming speed was measured in fish subjected to a decline in O 2 from full air saturation to levels below the LOS (minimum of 8−10% O 2 ). For the temperature range tested (12−20°C), DFI, MO 2 and LOS increased exponentially with temperature (7.5-, 3.6-and 2.2-fold, respectively) with mean (± SE) LOS being 17 ± 1, 21 ± 0 and 35 ± 5% O 2 at 12, 16 and 20°C, respectively. A gradual decline in swimming activity was observed as O 2 declined below the LOS, indicating increasing metabolic stress and/or a 'sit-out' coping strategy which may prolong survival time in severe hypoxia. The results show the importance of temperature as an influential variable over the environmental O 2 requirements of S. aurata.

“…Living Resour. 24, 53-61 (2011) following conditions: (1) the animal can adapt to its environment and is in good health, with all its biological systems working appropriately; (2) the animal is able to meet what are often called its "behavioral needs"; and (3) the animal is free of negative experiences such as pain, fear, and hunger (Huntingford and Kadri 2008). When cultured, fish are commonly exposed to repeated acute stresses that differ from those they face in the wild, such as: handling, grading, transport, and prophylactic treatment (Pottinger and Pickering 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-feeding behavior changes induced by a first and a second generation of domestication or selection for growth in the European sea bass,Dicentrarchus labrax

Millot

Péan

Chatain

et al. 2011

Aquat. Living Resour.

-Among the strategies that can be used to improve fish welfare in a rearing environment, domestication and/or selective breeding was proposed to minimize fish responsiveness to husbandry practices. To verify this hypothesis on a recently domesticated species, the sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax, two experiments were realized, each using two populations differing according to their level of domestication or selection. For the first experiment, we used one population produced from wild parents (Wild; initial body mass: 106 ± 3 g), and one population from parents selected for growth for one generation (Selected 1; initial body mass: 129 ± 4 g). For the second experiment, we used one population produced from parents domesticated for two generations (Domesticated; initial body mass: 72 ± 3 g), and one produced from parents selected for growth for two generations (Selected 2; initial body mass: 89 ± 4 g). The first experiment was carried out over 112 days with 240 fish (60 fish per tank, 120 fish per population), and the second one over 84 days with 200 fish (50 fish per tank, 100 fish per population). Two variables, self-feeding behavior and growth performance, were measured over the time of the experiments. After a control period, the fish were submitted twice, at three-week intervals, to an acute stress treatment consisting of draining the tank and leaving the fish out of water for one minute. Both self-feeding behavior and growth performance were altered by the acute stress treatment. During the first post-stress period, the Domesticated and Selected (1 and 2) groups showed more pronounced post-stress exposure responses than the Wild fish: they modified their feeding rhythm, their feed intake, and their growth rate. During the second post-stress period, feeding rhythm was still affected (being more diurnal with a well defined peak), but the feed intake and growth rate results showed that the Domesticated and Wild groups seemed less affected than the Selected (1 and 2) populations, which continued to express a high post-stress response. According to these results, it can be concluded that: (1) an application of two acute stress treatments, at three-week intervals, modified fish feeding behavior and growth performance; (2) the domestication process seemed to improve fish adaptation abilities to this kind of stress; and (3) the process of selection for growth led to a final, better growth, but did not seem to improve fish acute stress tolerance.