Welding of polymers using a 2μm thulium fiber laser

Mingareev, Ilya; Weirauch, Fabian; Olowinsky, Alexander; Shah, Lawrence; Kadwani, Pankaj; Richardson, Martin

doi:10.1016/j.optlastec.2012.03.020

Cited by 306 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Recently, many innovative joining technologies have been investigated, such as friction spot welding [20], resistance welding with inserted conductive elements [21,22], ultrasonically welding [23], and laser joining [24,25]. Compared with the other welding technologies, laser joining has many advantageous such as non-contact processing, high efficiency and accessibility, high flexibility, and avoiding adding expensive elements such as TiO 2 and carbon fibers [26][27][28]. However, the investigation on laser joining of CFRP and metal is still in its infancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics and formation mechanism of porosities in CFRP during laser joining of CFRP and steel

Tan

Zhang

Jing

et al. 2015

Composites Part B: Engineering

152

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics and formation mechanism of porosities in CFRP during laser joining of CFRP and steel

Tan

Zhang

Jing

et al. 2015

Composites Part B: Engineering

152

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“…To simulate the temperature distribution, the heat conduction equation is solved, which has been done for laser-transmission welding of polymers for many years [28][29][30][31][32][33][34]. The heat conduction equation is given in the following form…”

Section: Simulation Of Temperature Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the Laser-Beam Distribution on the Seam Dimensions for Laser-Transmission Welding: A Simulative Approach

Aden

2016

Lasers Manuf. Mater. Process.

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Radiation propagation and temperature development are simulated for lasertransmission welding of polycarbonate and polybutylene terephthalate parts. The simulations are carried out for a Gaussian-and an M-shape laser beam. For polycarbonate the shape of the laser beam is preserved, while for polybutylene terephthalate it is altered due to scattering processes. The resulting intensity and integrated intensity distribution in the joining zone are calculated for both polymers. They give rise to different temperature fields. The dimensions of the model seam are approximated by the dimensions of the melt isotherm. For polycarbonate the seam generated by a Gaussian beam has a non-homogeneous thickness and a width that is smaller than the beam diameter. For an M-shape beam it has a homogeneous thickness and its width scales with the width of the integrated intensity. For polybutylene terephthalate volumetric scattering destroys the original beam shape in the joining zone. The distributions of the integrated intensities and the dimensions of the seam are similar for both types of beams.

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“…The butt fusion welding is one of the simplest and most effective welding methods for polyethylene pipes [1][2][3], compared with other methods [4][5][6][7][8][9] used for polymer joints. The quality and integrity of pipe systems depend on their welded joints.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of defects on the burst failure of butt fusion welded polyethylene pipes

et al. 2016

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With the increasing demand of Medium density polyethylene (MDPE) pipes for gas transmission, the safety concern related with welding defects is becoming a serious matter. In this paper, experimental burst tests and finite element analyses were employed to study butt fusion welded MDPE pipe joints with spherical and planar defects of various sizes. These defects were used to simulate lack of bonding during the welding. Test results showed that in all pipe test cases, the failure location originated from pipe substrates, even though the defect size was increased to 45% of the pipe's wall thickness. The burst pressure could be estimated by the expression employed in the ASME BPVC, and in the burst pressure, the hoop stress was 20.28 MPa. Simulation results showed that the failure position was not only affected by the defect size, but also by the welding bead. It can be argued that a single welding defect whose maximum size is smaller than 15% of the thickness can be used without failure during short-term usage, even when there is no welding bead in the welded joint.

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Welding of polymers using a 2μm thulium fiber laser

Cited by 306 publications

References 6 publications

Characteristics and formation mechanism of porosities in CFRP during laser joining of CFRP and steel

Characteristics and formation mechanism of porosities in CFRP during laser joining of CFRP and steel

Influence of the Laser-Beam Distribution on the Seam Dimensions for Laser-Transmission Welding: A Simulative Approach

Effect of defects on the burst failure of butt fusion welded polyethylene pipes

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