Welding of Historic Structural Wrought Iron

Mechanical Performance of Historical Wrought Iron Rods

“…The architectural role of historical tie rods and other ferrous reinforcements has been assessed in several historical buildings (Dillmann et al 2003;Collini et al 2015;Coronelli et al 2015;Ural et al 2016;Gentile et al 2017), and their effectiveness in respect to both static and seismic loads has been studied both experimentally and theoretically (Lucibello et al 2013;Calderini and Lagomarsino 2014;Calderini et al 2015;Ural et al 2016;Zielinska 2017). Moreover, the mechanical properties of 19th century puddled iron have been the subject of several studies (Bowman and Piskorowski 2004; Kelton et al 2011;Rutz et al 2018). Nevertheless, very few assessments of tensile strength and other mechanical properties of wrought iron made by the bloomery or finery process are available (Gentile et al 2017).…”

“…; Rutz et al . ). Nevertheless, very few assessments of tensile strength and other mechanical properties of wrought iron made by the bloomery or finery process are available (Gentile et al .…”

“…During and after the 18th century, the bloomery and finery processes were gradually abandoned, and in the 19th century (and until the early 20th century), wrought iron was fabricated mainly using the puddling process. This process was similar to the finery one, but the pig iron was commonly fabricated by using coke, instead of charcoal (resulting in higher phosphorus and sulphur levels), and the final decarburization was performed in a reverbatory furnace, avoiding direct contact between the charge and the fuel (Aston and Story 1941;Tylecote 1992;Walker 2002;Bowman and Piskorowski 2004;Rutz et al 2018). Puddled wrought iron was, however, similar to earlier bloomery and finery wrought iron in that it was fabricated without full melting and it retained a large volume fraction of slag inclusions, which were elongated during forging (Aston and Story 1941;Walker 2002;Bowman and Piskorowski 2004).…”