Weldability window and the effect of interface morphology on the properties of Al/Cu/Al laminated composites fabricated by explosive welding

Hoseini-Athar, M. M.; Tolaminejad, B.

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2015.07.114

Cited by 170 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…These composites belong to a new class of materials, whose properties combine the large ductility of the metal matrix and the high hardness of intermetallic phases. [26] Such versatile materials are used in the production of electrical wires and industrial machinery (Al/Cu), [7,27] platters in the aerospace (Al/ Ti) [24] and automobile (Al/Mg) [28] industries, and composites for medical applications (Ti/Al 2 O 3 /NiCr). [29] Generally, the EXW process can be divided into three basic stages: detonation of an explosive material; deformation and acceleration of the flyer plate; and, finally, collision of the clads.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural and Phase Composition Differences Across the Interfaces in Al/Ti/Al Explosively Welded Clads

Fronczek

Chulist

Lityńska‐Dobrzyńska

et al. 2017

Metall Mater Trans A

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The microstructure and phase composition of Al/Ti/Al interfaces with respect to their localization were investigated. An aluminum-flyer plate exhibited finer grains located close to the upper interface than those present within the aluminum-base plate. The same tendency, but with a higher number of twins, was observed for titanium. Good quality bonding with a wavy shape and four intermetallic phases, namely, TiAl 3 , TiAl, TiAl 2 , and Ti 3 Al, was only obtained at the interface closer to the explosive material. The other interface was planar with three intermetallic compounds, excluding the metastable TiAl 2 phase. As a result of a 100-hour annealing at 903 K (630°C), an Al/TiAl 3 /Ti/TiAl 3 /Al sandwich was manufactured, formed with single crystalline Al layers. A substantial difference between the intermetallic layer thicknesses was measured, with 235.3 and 167.4 lm obtained for the layers corresponding to the upper and lower interfaces, respectively. An examination by transmission electron microscopy of a thin foil taken from the interface area after a 1-hour annealing at 825 K (552°C) showed a mixture of randomly located TiAl 3 grains within the aluminum. Finally, the hardness results were correlated with the microstructural changes across the samples.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural and Phase Composition Differences Across the Interfaces in Al/Ti/Al Explosively Welded Clads

Fronczek

Chulist

Lityńska‐Dobrzyńska

et al. 2017

Metall Mater Trans A

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“…Mastanaiah et al [24] reported that grains close to the welded interface were generally elongated parallel to the explosion direction and were caused by the highly localized plastic deformation occurring during the collision between the plates. Additionally, Athar and Tolaminejad [25] reported that an increase in the explosive ratio might affect not only the bonding interface morphology, but also the depth of the field that is affected by the deformation. The SEM image of the composite bonding interface that is produced at the lowest explosive ratio (Figure 7) shows that a flat interface was obtained.…”

Section: Metallographic Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, the tensile-shear strength increased with the expanded bonding interface field and the wave folding. Athar and Tolaminejad [25] reported that wavy interfaces that were generated from increases in explosive ratio and impact pressure expanded the bonding interface field, which subsequently increased tensile-shear strength slightly. The authors also added that the impact pressure and sudden shock hardening, due to the increasing explosive ratio, and the grain refinement, due to the cold deformation in the bonding field, resulted in greater strength.…”

Section: Sem and Eds Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural, Mechanical and Corrosion Investigations of Ship Steel-Aluminum Bimetal Composites Produced by Explosive Welding

Kaya

2018

Metals

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Abstract:In this study, explosive welding was used in the cladding of aluminum plates to ship steel plates at different explosive ratios. Ship steel-aluminum bimetal composite plates were manufactured and the influence of the explosive ratio on the cladded bonding interface was examined. Optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) studies were employed for the characterization of the bonding interface of the manufactured ship steel-aluminum bimetal composites. Tensile-shear, notch impact toughness, bending and twisting tests, and microhardness studies were implemented to determine the mechanical features of the bimetal composite materials. In addition, neutral salt spray (NSS) tests were performed in order to examine the corrosion behavior of the bimetal composites.

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“…The quality of the weld significantly depends on the collision velocity and the collision angle. These two parameters determine so called weldability window (see Figure 2) [3]. The figure clearly shows that there is a range of collision angles and velocities resulting in welds with desired wavy interface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A pressure of a several gigapascals is reached at the instant of collision between the accelerated plate and the baseplate. In this pressure region metals behave as fluids [1] and for collision angles from 5 to 208 form an unstable jet resulting in formation of a typical wavy structure of the weld interface [3]. The scheme of this process is shown in Figure 1 where v 0 is the accelerated plate velocity normal to the accelerated plate surface and v k is the speed at which the collision point travels across the baseplate (for parallel arrangement this corresponds to the detonation velocity of the explosive).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Determination of Acceleration of Explosively Driven Metal by Photonic Doppler Velocimetry in the Process of Explosive Welding

Kučera

Anastacio

Nesvadba

et al. 2018

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Two important parameters reflect in the quality of the interface of two explosively welded metal plates – impact velocity and collision angle. Both parameters can be determined from the knowledge of velocity history of the accelerated surface. A suitable measurement methodology that would allow in‐situ determination of the course of acceleration at a technological scale experiments is however not yet available. One of the emerging options enabling such measurements is Photonic Doppler Velocimetry (PDV). This paper focuses on the issues observed during measurement of metal plate acceleration in explosive welding using this technique. A well‐known combination in which copper plate is accelerated by detonation and welded to a steel baseplate was chosen for small scale experiments. The methodology was further employed at a large scale technological tests were two different steel plates were joined by detonation. The PDV proved to be successful in determination of the entire velocity history and provides unprecedented insight into the welding process. The knowledge of the velocity time history enables optimization of the impact velocity and collision angle without having to modify the explosive composition. A methodology of velocity measurement of the entire velocity profile of accelerated plate and its collision velocity during metal welding was developed. In addition, we are proposing a new way of optimizing welding parameters based on the exact velocity and thus a collision angle calculation.

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Weldability window and the effect of interface morphology on the properties of Al/Cu/Al laminated composites fabricated by explosive welding

Cited by 170 publications

References 47 publications

Microstructural and Phase Composition Differences Across the Interfaces in Al/Ti/Al Explosively Welded Clads

Microstructural and Phase Composition Differences Across the Interfaces in Al/Ti/Al Explosively Welded Clads

Microstructural, Mechanical and Corrosion Investigations of Ship Steel-Aluminum Bimetal Composites Produced by Explosive Welding

Experimental Determination of Acceleration of Explosively Driven Metal by Photonic Doppler Velocimetry in the Process of Explosive Welding

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