Weldability of Underwater Wet-Welded HSLA Steel: Effects of Electrode Hydrophobic Coatings

Tomków, Jacek

doi:10.3390/ma14061364

Cited by 21 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The commonly used under water undermatched consumable was selected, because there are no electrodes on the market dedicated to underwater welding of high strength steels. Moreover, in previous investigations [24,46] it was proved that used electrodes allow to perform good quality underwater structures. The chemical composition and mechanical properties of used materials are presented in Table 1 and Table 2.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The values of used heat input were chosen near 1 kJ/mm following the previous investigations carried out on high-strength steels [24]. It was proved that mentioned heat values allow to perform wet welding process with the lowest instability of welding arc.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the investigations in the field of underwater wet welding are focused on the steels with yield point lower than 500 MPa [10,24,25]. However, the usage of materials with higher mechanical properties is rising.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bead-on-Plate Underwater Wet Welding on S700MC Steel

Tomków¹,

Świerczyńska²,

Landowski³

et al. 2021

Adv. Sci. Technol. Res. J.

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The participation of high strength steels in marine and offshore structures is increasing, which makes it necessary to develop recommendations for underwater repair welding works. The article presents the results of bead-on-plate welded specimens made of S700MC high strength steel in underwater wet welding conditions by covered electrodes. Three specimens with heat input values in the range 0.91-1.05 kJ/mm were made. The specimens were subjected to visual, metallographic, macro-and microscopic tests as well as hardness measurements using the Vickers method. It was found that the higher heat input leads to formation of mixed bainite-martensite microstructure in the heat-affected zone (HAZ). Lower heat input value results in presence of martensite in HAZ. It was shown that in the scope of the performed tests, the maximum hardness of HAZ did not exceed the critical value for the material group, and the increase in heat input caused the decrease of hardness by about 25 HV10 to a level 250-260 HV10.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bead-on-Plate Underwater Wet Welding on S700MC Steel

Tomków¹,

Świerczyńska²,

Landowski³

et al. 2021

Adv. Sci. Technol. Res. J.

Self Cite

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“…In addition to low heat input welding processes such as laser beam welding (LBW) [21], the applied cooling media (e.g., underwater condition) can improve the mechanical properties of FSWed joints by optimizing the weld microstructure [22][23][24]. The underwater condition compared to other types of welding methods can also result in improved microstructure and mechanical properties [25][26][27][28], which confirms the advantages of submerged processes. Although some research works on dissimilar FSW joint of Al alloys such as AA2024-7075 [29], AA6061-7075 [5], AA6082-2024 [30], AA7075-5083 [31], and AA5086-6061 [32] can be found in literature, investigations on microstructural evolution of the underwater FSWed joints of 6xxx and 7xxx Al alloys are very limited [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…However, in this study, this reduction in hardness value is approximately about 13 % (from 105 HV to 93 HV). This improvement in the hardness of TMAZ can be related to the lower heat input generated during an underwater FSW process; a lower process heat input can result in different metallurgical phenomena, such as preventing the growth and dissolution of precipitates, inhibiting the grain growth, and recovery of dislocations [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. On the other hand, HAZ (point e in Figures 5 and 6) had the lowest hardness values on both sides, which can be due to the dissolution or coarsening of precipitates and/or grain growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Submerged Dissimilar Friction Stir Welding of AA6061 and AA7075 Aluminum Alloys: Microstructure Characterization and Mechanical Property

Heidarzadeh

Javidani

Mofarrehi

et al. 2021

Metals

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The possibility of underwater dissimilar friction stir welding of AA6061 and AA7075 aluminum alloy was explored to overcome the problem of hardness loss in different microstructural zones. Optical microscopy and electron backscattered diffraction were employed to characterize the microstructure of the joint. Vickers hardness measurements were conducted on the cross-section of the joint to evaluate the mechanical strengths. The results showed that the microstructure of the AA7075 side had undergone the same mechanisms as those occurring during conventional friction stir welding. In the case of the AA6061 side, in addition to typical restoration mechanisms, the grain subdivision was observed. The AA7075 side had finer grains compared to the AA6061 side, which may be related to the different morphology and size of precipitates. Moreover, friction stir welding caused a reduction in the hardness values in all the microstructural areas compared to those of corresponding base materials. For example, it caused a reduction in the hardness of a thermomechanically affected zone from 105 HV to 93 HV in the AA6061 side, and from 187 HV to 172 HV in the AA7075 side. The underwater media improved the overall hardness values in thermo-mechanically affected zones (13% reduction in hardness) compared to those reported in literature (57% reduction in hardness).

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Formation and Deformation Mechanism of Mountain‐Like Surface Crack on the Hot‐Rolled Thick Plate of HSLA Steel

Shen

Cheng

Wang

2022

steel research int.

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Mountain‐like surface cracks often appear on the thick plates of high‐strength low‐alloy (HSLA) steel after hot rolling, which have a serious impact on production efficiency. Herein, the formation cause of mountain‐like cracks is discussed using methods such as acid pickling and observations of microstructure and inclusions. The deformation behavior of microcracks is obtained by analyzing the rolling process of slab. The inclusions in the top of the crack are Type‐I inclusions with high elemental contents of K and P and Type‐II inclusions with high elemental contents of C. The inclusions in the sides of the crack are Al2O3. It is concluded that mountain‐like cracks are caused by surface microcracks containing Type‐I inclusions in the continuous casting slab. During rolling, the rapid deforming of side‐1 stretches the crack so that the unusual microstructure appears. The cracks extended in the rolling direction have Al2O3 inclusions. The mountain‐like crack with Type‐I inclusions in the top and Al2O3 in the sides eventually form. A single microcrack forms a single mountain‐like crack and multiple clustered microcracks form a continuous mountain‐like crack. To reduce mountain‐like cracks, reducing Type‐I inclusions to reduce surface defects of the slab is an effective means.

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Weldability of Underwater Wet-Welded HSLA Steel: Effects of Electrode Hydrophobic Coatings

Cited by 21 publications

References 47 publications

Bead-on-Plate Underwater Wet Welding on S700MC Steel

Bead-on-Plate Underwater Wet Welding on S700MC Steel

Submerged Dissimilar Friction Stir Welding of AA6061 and AA7075 Aluminum Alloys: Microstructure Characterization and Mechanical Property

Formation and Deformation Mechanism of Mountain‐Like Surface Crack on the Hot‐Rolled Thick Plate of HSLA Steel

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