Weld Metal Microstructure Prediction in Laser Beam Welding of Austenitic Stainless Steel

Giudice, Fabio; Sili, A.

doi:10.3390/app11041463

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…First of all, it is worth noting that the calculated contents of Ni (11.5%) and Cr (22.2%) for the experimental conditions (v = 1.2 m/min and inserts in AWS 309L) agree with the values measured experimentally by EDS, as reported in [16].…”

Section: Fused Zone Composition and Propertiessupporting

confidence: 83%

“…With the core objective to demonstrate the usefulness of the model in investigating the laser beam weldability of a base metal-filler system, in a previous work [16] it was applied to evaluate thermal field and cooling rates in laser beam welded AISI 304 L steel plates. The simulation carried out allowed to foresee the weld composition, solidification mode, and microstructure (austenite matrix with residual ferrite), resulting in agreement with the experimental observations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation on Laser Beam Weldability of AISI 304L Plates Based on Thermal Field Simulation by Experimentally-Fitted Analytical Modeling

Giudice

Sili

2021

Lasers Manuf. Mater. Process.

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The objective of the work is to present a new approach to the simulation of the thermal field in laser beam welding, based on an experimentally-fitted analytical model, applied to investigate the weldability of AISI 304L austenitic steel. Reference is made to the welding trial in a single pass of two 10 mm thick butt-positioned plates. Welding was performed under the keyhole full penetration mode, which is characteristic of high-power laser beam, and simulated by an analytical model based on a multipoint-line thermal source system and fitted on the experimental fusion zone profile. The model was applied to simulate the effects of welding speed changes on thermal fields and cooling rates, in order to determine how they can affect the weld composition, the solidification mode and the possible formation of a sensitized zone in the heat affected zone. A limit value of welding speed, which allows the weld formation without lack of fusion, was identified. For all the welding speeds considered, the formation of a sensitized zone can be excluded. The contribution of welding speed on cooling rate, not significant near the welding axis, results to be determinant at the boundary of the fused zone with base metal. The combined choice of the filler material and the welding speed, which in all cases gives rise to primary ferrite solidification modes, affects the content of residual ferrite, which must be balanced to enhance the resistance to solidification cracking, avoiding the adverse effects due to too high contents. As a conclusion, the model proves to be a valid support in investigating the thermal effects, which result from the setup of welding parameters, on the weldability of the base metal-filler system. Graphic Abstract

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Section: Fused Zone Composition and Propertiessupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on Laser Beam Weldability of AISI 304L Plates Based on Thermal Field Simulation by Experimentally-Fitted Analytical Modeling

Giudice

Sili

2021

Lasers Manuf. Mater. Process.

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“…Another issue of great practical importance in the field of LBW modeling is the prediction of the crystallographic microstructure of a weld bead, as its knowledge can help avoid problems such as solidification cracking. Such predictions have recently been made by Giudice and Sili [11] using an analytical model. The linking of a mechanistic microstructural growth model to the simulation model presented here is currently being realized [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

A Numerical Investigation of Laser Beam Welding of Stainless Steel Sheets with a Gap

et al. 2021

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Keyhole laser beam welding (LBW) of 304L stainless steel sheets with a gap in between was numerically simulated with a three—dimensional, transient, multi—physical model for laser material processing based on the finite volume method (FVM). First, the model’s ability to reproduce experimental results on a relatively coarse computational mesh within reasonable computing time, so as to serve as process optimization tool, is presented. An example of process optimization is shown, wherein a given set of weld seam quality criteria is fulfilled by iteratively optimizing a secondary laser beam. The relatively coarse mesh, in combination with a good model calibration for the experimental conditions, allows for sufficiently fast simulations to use this approach for optimization tasks. Finally, using a finer spatial and temporal discretization, the dynamic processes in the vicinity of the keyhole leading to the formation of pores are investigated. The physical phenomena predicted by the simulation are coherent with experimental observations found in literature.

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“…Then its microstructure can be estimated, based on Creq and Nieq compositions, through the Schaffler diagram (based on the equivalent compositions expressed as percentages by weight: Creq = Cr + 1.5Si + Mo + 0.5Nb and Nieq = Ni + 30C + 0.5Mn), or by means of the more recent evolution WRC 1992 diagram (Creq = Cr + Mo + 0.7Nb and Nieq = Ni + 35C + 20N + 0.25Cu). They are currently used by many researchers (see [9,60,61] for the Schaffler diagram and [62][63][64]) for the WRC 1992 diagram).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Fusion Welding of Dissimilar Ferritic / Austenitic Steels: Processing and Weld Metallurgy

Giudice,

Missori,

Scolaro

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Dissimilar welds between ferritic and austenitic steels represent a good solution for exploiting the best performance of stainless steels at high and low temperatures and in aggressive environments, while minimizing costs. Therefore, they are widely used in nuclear and petrochemical plants, however, due to the different properties of the steels involved, the welding process can be challenging. Fusion welding can be specifically addressed to connect low-carbon, or low-alloy steels, with high-alloy steels, which have similar melting point. Welding of thick plates can be performed with electric arc in multiple passes or in a single pass by means of a laser beam equipment. Since microstructure and consequently mechanical properties of the weld are closely related to composition, the choice of the filler metal and processing parameters, which in turn affects the dilution rate, plays a fundamental role. Numerous technical solutions were proposed for welding dissimilar steels and much research was developed on the weldment metallurgy; therefore, this article is aimed at a review of the most recent scientific literature on the issues relating to the fusion welding of ferritic / austenitic steels. Two specific sections are dedicated respectively to electric arc and laser beam welding; finally, metallurgical issues, related to dilution and thermal field are debated in the discussion section.

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Weld Metal Microstructure Prediction in Laser Beam Welding of Austenitic Stainless Steel

Cited by 12 publications

References 28 publications

Investigation on Laser Beam Weldability of AISI 304L Plates Based on Thermal Field Simulation by Experimentally-Fitted Analytical Modeling

Investigation on Laser Beam Weldability of AISI 304L Plates Based on Thermal Field Simulation by Experimentally-Fitted Analytical Modeling

A Numerical Investigation of Laser Beam Welding of Stainless Steel Sheets with a Gap

A Review on Fusion Welding of Dissimilar Ferritic / Austenitic Steels: Processing and Weld Metallurgy

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