Weld line transverse energy density distribution measurement in laser transmission welding of thermoplastics

Zak, G.; Mayboudi, Layla S.; Chen, M.; Bates, P. J.; Birk, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2009.08.025

Cited by 37 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…I o is the laser power (W), I n (x, y) the surface distribution function, which is maximum and centered in (x=0, y=0). This function represents a normalized [14,15] power flux distribution defined as power per unit area so that its integral over the beam area is equal to unity :…”

Section: Analytical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical and numerical modeling of light scattering in composite transmission laser welding process

et al. 2013

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Analytical and numerical models for laser beam scattering in the thermoplastics composites are presented. The numerical model is based on Ray Tracing, an optical method to compute the optical propagation of laser beams in inhomogeneous media with spatially varying dispersion of the refractive index. In this study, only the case of unidirectional thermoplastic composites (UD) is presented. During transmission laser welding process, a divergence of the laser beam is observed in the first part (transparent in the laser wavelength) due to the internal refraction at the microscopic scale of the beam at each matrix-fiber interface. At the macroscopic scale, this phenomenon leads to the light scattering of the laser beam in this heterogeneous media. Under these conditions, a modeling of the propagation of a laser beam appears essential. An analytical model compared to numerical model is proposed, that enables to simulate and to optimize the laser source at the welding interface. This model provides a good estimation of the laser beam intensity profile at the welding interface (radiative heat well defined) and the beam widening. Those steps are necessary to describe the heat source in the laser welding process thermal simulations. The distribution of the heat source at the interface is one of the most important parameter in the description of the laser welding process.

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Section: Analytical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical and numerical modeling of light scattering in composite transmission laser welding process

et al. 2013

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“…The exact determination of the shape of the transmitted intensity distribution is of high importance. Different approaches to determine the intensity profile can be found in [32][33][34][35][36][37]. Becker and Potente describe measurements of the power flux distribution at the weld interface after passing through a 5 mm thick sample of unreinforced polypropylene.…”

Section: Determining the Shape Of The Energy Density Distribution Aftmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zak et al present a technique for measuring the scattering of the laser beam caused by the laser transparent part. An easy way to determine the intensity profile for contour welding is presented [37]. The exact determination of the intensity profile is decisive for the quality of the simulation results.…”

Section: Determining the Shape Of The Energy Density Distribution Aftmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the Heating Process in Simultaneous Laser Transmission Welding of Semicrystalline Polymers

Hopmann

Kreimeier

2016

Journal of Polymers

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Laser transmission welding is an established joining process for thermoplastics. A close-to-reality simulation of the heating process would improve the understanding of the process, facilitate and shorten the process installation, and provide a significant contribution to the computer aided component design. For these reasons a thermal simulation model for simultaneous welding was developed which supports determining the size of the heat affected zone (HAZ). The determination of the intensity profile of the laser beam after the penetration of the laser transparent semicrystalline thermoplastic is decisive for the simulation. For the determination of the intensity profile two measurement systems are presented and compared. The calculated size of the HAZ shows a high concordance to the dimensions of the HAZ found using light microscopy. However, the calculated temperatures exceed the indicated decomposition temperatures of the particular thermoplastics. For the recording of the real temperatures during the welding process a measuring system is presented and discussed.

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“…This heat source [20,21] can then be integrated in the heat balance equation as a source term (Eq. (1)).…”

Section: Process Parameters Influencementioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical analysis of thermoplastic composites laser welding using ray tracing method

Cosson

Deléglise

Knapp³

2015

Composites Part B: Engineering

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Weld line transverse energy density distribution measurement in laser transmission welding of thermoplastics

Cited by 37 publications

References 6 publications

Analytical and numerical modeling of light scattering in composite transmission laser welding process

Analytical and numerical modeling of light scattering in composite transmission laser welding process

Modelling the Heating Process in Simultaneous Laser Transmission Welding of Semicrystalline Polymers

Numerical analysis of thermoplastic composites laser welding using ray tracing method

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