Weld bead center line shift during laser welding of austenitic stainless steels with different sulfur content

Lienert, Thomas J.; Burgardt, P.; Harada, Kouta; Forsyth, Robert T.; DebRoy, T.

doi:10.1016/j.scriptamat.2013.09.029

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…A 304L stainless steel with 0.003 wt% S has been butt welded to a 303 stainless steel with 0.293 wt% S, both with about 18 wt% Cr and 8 wt% Ni [42][43][44]. It was observed in both gas-tungsten arc welding and conduction-mode laser-beam welding that the low-S stainless steel (304L) melted to a significantly greater extent than the high-S one (303).…”

Section: Welding Stainless Steels Dissimilar In Sulfur Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macrosegregation in dissimilar-metal fusion welding

et al. 2016

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Solute segregation on a macroscopic scale in a weld between two dissimilar metals or alloys has long been recognized, but fundamental understanding of macrosegregation in dissimilar-metal welding is still lacking. Two mechanisms for macrosegregation were proposed based on the liquidus temperature of the bulk weld metal, T LW , relative to the liquidus temperature of metal 1, T L1 , and the liquidus temperature of metal 2, T L2. According to the mechanisms, two distinctly different macrosegregation features can form. A "peninsula" of an unmixed metal 1 can form if T LW < T L1. On the other hand, a "beach" of unmixed metal 2 irregular in shape can form if T LW > T L2. To verify the mechanisms, a pure Cu sheet was butt welded to a low carbon steel sheet by gas-tungsten arc welding without a filler metal. Composition measurements were conducted inside and across the weld metal. A peninsula of unmixed steel and an irregular-shaped beach of unmixed Cu were observed, which verified the mechanisms. In addition, the bulk weld metal exhibited a layered structure caused by undercooling of the bulk weld pool into a metastable miscibility gap in the Cu-Fe phase diagram. Macrosegregation in previous studies on laser-and electron-beam welding of Cu to steel or stainless steel was discussed in light of the findings in the present study.

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Section: Welding Stainless Steels Dissimilar In Sulfur Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macrosegregation in dissimilar-metal fusion welding

et al. 2016

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“…It has been employed for materials across the board, from metals to polymers, ceramics to composites, and even more complex engineered materials [3][4][5]. The SS316L steel is among the widely used structural material due to combination of good mechanical properties and excellent corrosion resistance [6,7]. Relatively recent studies have been carried out to improve the quality of SLM manufactured SS316L steel with optimum process conditions, to produce fully dense components with improved strength and ductility [8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 316L Stainless Steel Fabricated Using Selective Laser Melting

et al. 2019

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ABSTRACTThe microstructure homogeneity and variability in mechanical properties of 316L stainless steel components fabricated using selective laser melting (SLM) have been investigated. The crack free, 99.9% dense samples were made starting from SS316L alloy powder, and the melt pool morphology was analysed using optical and scanning electron microscopy. Extremely fast cooling rates after laser melting/solidification process, accompanied by slow diffusion of alloying elements, produced characteristic microstructures with colonies of cellular substructure inside grains, grown along the direction of the principal thermal gradient during laser scanning. In some areas of the microstructure, a significant number of precipitates were observed inside grains and at grain boundaries. Micro hardness measurements along the build direction revealed slight but gradual increase in hardness along the sample height. Uniaxial tensile tests of as manufactured samples showed the effect of un-melted areas causing scatter in room-temperature mechanical properties of samples extracted from the same SLM build. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) varied from 458MPa to 509MPa along with a variation in uniform elongation from 3.3% to 14.4%. The UTS of a sample exposed to the Cl- rich corrosion environment at 46oC temperature revealed a similar strength as of the original sample, indicating good corrosion resistance of SLM samples under those corrosion conditions.

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“…Here, we show for the first time through comparison of numerically calculated 27 and experimental results that Marangoni convection causes these rotational and translational asymme-28 tries and the reported arc shift is a consequence of asymmetric melting rather than its cause. When two steel plates containing dissimilar concentrations of 34 sulfur are arc welded, a very unusual and strikingly asymmetric 35 weld pool geometry forms [1,2]. When the arc is initially placed 36 directly above the original interface of the two plates, the lower 37 sulfur containing plate melts to a much greater extent than the 38 higher sulfur plate and the maximum penetration does not occur 39 at the expected plane of original interface between the two plates 40 [1,2].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…When two steel plates containing dissimilar concentrations of 34 sulfur are arc welded, a very unusual and strikingly asymmetric 35 weld pool geometry forms [1,2]. When the arc is initially placed 36 directly above the original interface of the two plates, the lower 37 sulfur containing plate melts to a much greater extent than the 38 higher sulfur plate and the maximum penetration does not occur 39 at the expected plane of original interface between the two plates 40 [1,2]. Instead, its location is shifted away from the interface well 41 within the low sulfur containing plate and pronounced preferential 42 melting of the low sulfur steel plate takes place.…”

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confidence: 99%